{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3081171346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","title":"Deep Learning Applied to Phenotyping of Biomass in Forages with UAV-Based RGB Imagery","display_name":"Deep Learning Applied to Phenotyping of Biomass in Forages with UAV-Based RGB Imagery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3081171346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","mag":"3081171346","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32858803"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070979017","display_name":"Wellington V. M. de Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-2240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wellington Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-2240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071340024","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Marcato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-6866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Marcato Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-6866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053222828","display_name":"Caio Polidoro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caio Polidoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8212-0828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068523611","display_name":"Lucas Prado Osco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-536X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089278","display_name":"Universidade do Oeste Paulista","ror":"https://ror.org/00ccec020","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089278"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Prado Osco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, University of Western S\u00e3o Paulo, Presidente Prudente 19067175, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0258-536X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, University of Western S\u00e3o Paulo, Presidente Prudente 19067175, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017880637","display_name":"Wesley Nunes Gon\u00e7alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8815-6653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wesley Gon\u00e7alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8815-6653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071661418","display_name":"Lucas de Souza Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-066X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085707430","display_name":"Mateus Figueir\u00eado Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-906X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateus Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-906X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065700482","display_name":"Liana Jank","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-3678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liana Jank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-3678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061934994","display_name":"Sanzio Carvalho Lima Barrios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanzio Barrios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5490-4959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017431189","display_name":"Cacilda Borges do Valle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-5127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cacilda Valle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3054-5127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Rosangela Sime\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-846X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosangela Sime\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-846X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015634968","display_name":"Camilo Carromeu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-8935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilo Carromeu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande 79106550, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048019952","display_name":"Eloise Silveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eloise Silveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040929141","display_name":"L\u00facio Andr\u00e9 de Castro Jorge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199691007","display_name":"Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0482b5b22","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00facio Andr\u00e9 de Castro Jorge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embrapa Instrumentation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560970, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8341-3203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embrapa Instrumentation, S\u00e3o Carlos 13560970, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199691007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091126039","display_name":"Edson Takashi Matsubara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-0886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson Matsubara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-0886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070900, MS, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071340024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":11.5832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":90,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98493893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"17","first_page":"4802","last_page":"4802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage","display_name":"Forage","score":0.82599937915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","score":0.7846791744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panicum","display_name":"Panicum","score":0.6578696966171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-map","display_name":"Thematic map","score":0.6069972515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5467584729194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.49312087893486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43967100977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4385416805744171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.420888751745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.4122188687324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3714699149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35768669843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3571043312549591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3508702516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29366040229797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.25233060121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.21090340614318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16471827030181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12229165434837341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13377214","display_name":"Forage","level":2,"score":0.82599937915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.7846791744232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780742232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934037","display_name":"Panicum","level":2,"score":0.6578696966171265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.6069972515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5467584729194641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.49312087893486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43967100977897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4385416805744171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.420888751745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4122188687324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3714699149131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35768669843673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3571043312549591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3508702516555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29366040229797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25233060121536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.21090340614318848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16471827030181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12229165434837341}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001938","descriptor_name":"Brazil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001938","descriptor_name":"Brazil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001938","descriptor_name":"Brazil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001938","descriptor_name":"Brazil","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058751","descriptor_name":"Livestock","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058751","descriptor_name":"Livestock","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058751","descriptor_name":"Livestock","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058751","descriptor_name":"Livestock","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058998","descriptor_name":"Remote Sensing Technology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32858803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32858803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Letter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7506807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7506807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c69227f110e941249022525a9b5d3464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c69227f110e941249022525a9b5d3464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 17, p 4802 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20174802","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20174802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2412818705","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"433783/2018\u20134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2640349540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"433783/2018-4; 303559/2019-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2894857758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"303559/2019-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5493453866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"59/300.075/2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323354","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323354","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/05jtrt935"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529672735","https://openalex.org/W1559570474","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1982216854","https://openalex.org/W1986614398","https://openalex.org/W1991739869","https://openalex.org/W1996881001","https://openalex.org/W2009772318","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2057471736","https://openalex.org/W2064636932","https://openalex.org/W2110114082","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2582705054","https://openalex.org/W2603834682","https://openalex.org/W2623490820","https://openalex.org/W2737491720","https://openalex.org/W2751223463","https://openalex.org/W2784272016","https://openalex.org/W2787334870","https://openalex.org/W2790915795","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2791456092","https://openalex.org/W2793091350","https://openalex.org/W2803775013","https://openalex.org/W2807039230","https://openalex.org/W2837916766","https://openalex.org/W2898498213","https://openalex.org/W2901867974","https://openalex.org/W2904243378","https://openalex.org/W2912057574","https://openalex.org/W2915728971","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922882700","https://openalex.org/W2928389720","https://openalex.org/W2948888294","https://openalex.org/W2950220847","https://openalex.org/W2951898785","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2968911939","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2982007079","https://openalex.org/W2983376237","https://openalex.org/W2992086439","https://openalex.org/W2998700878","https://openalex.org/W3007045993","https://openalex.org/W3010973981","https://openalex.org/W3016663000","https://openalex.org/W3033619187","https://openalex.org/W3111477757","https://openalex.org/W3176923149","https://openalex.org/W6633408921","https://openalex.org/W6666487912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944085630","https://openalex.org/W2185975652","https://openalex.org/W1434549166","https://openalex.org/W2294743041","https://openalex.org/W3188055110","https://openalex.org/W2609038586","https://openalex.org/W2979702679","https://openalex.org/W2947472081","https://openalex.org/W2386882712","https://openalex.org/W2187364837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monitoring":[0],"biomass":[1,26,58,148],"of":[2,42,57,63,126,133],"forages":[3],"in":[4,34,74,106,109,150,163],"experimental":[5],"plots":[6],"and":[7,14,21,38,46,98,102,128,139,153],"livestock":[8,154],"farms":[9],"is":[10],"a":[11,124,129],"time-consuming,":[12],"expensive,":[13],"biased":[15],"task.":[16],"Thus,":[17],"non-destructive,":[18],"accurate,":[19],"precise,":[20],"quick":[22],"phenotyping":[23,33],"strategies":[24],"for":[25,113],"yield":[27,59],"are":[28],"needed.":[29],"To":[30],"promote":[31],"high-throughput":[32],"forages,":[35],"we":[36],"propose":[37],"evaluate":[39],"the":[40,55,64,75,110,121,161,164],"use":[41],"deep":[43],"learning-based":[44],"methods":[45],"UAV":[47],"(Unmanned":[48],"Aerial":[49],"Vehicle)-based":[50],"RGB":[51],"images":[52],"to":[53,104,146,159],"estimate":[54],"value":[56],"by":[60,120],"different":[61],"genotypes":[62,80],"forage":[65,147],"grass":[66,115],"species":[67],"Panicum":[68],"maximum":[69],"Jacq.":[70],"Experiments":[71],"were":[72,100],"conducted":[73],"Brazilian":[76],"Cerrado":[77],"with":[78,81],"110":[79],"three":[82],"replications,":[83],"totaling":[84],"330":[85],"plots.":[86],"Two":[87],"regression":[88],"models":[89,122],"based":[90],"on":[91],"Convolutional":[92],"Neural":[93],"Networks":[94],"(CNNs)":[95],"named":[96],"AlexNet":[97,136],"ResNet18":[99],"evaluated,":[101],"compared":[103],"VGGNet\u2014adopted":[105],"previous":[107],"work":[108],"same":[111],"thematic":[112],"other":[114],"species.":[116],"The":[117],"predictions":[118],"returned":[119],"reached":[123],"correlation":[125],"0.88":[127],"mean":[130],"absolute":[131],"error":[132],"12.98%":[134],"using":[135],"considering":[137],"pre-training":[138],"data":[140],"augmentation.":[141],"This":[142],"proposal":[143],"may":[144],"contribute":[145],"estimation":[149],"breeding":[151],"populations":[152],"areas,":[155],"as":[156,158],"well":[157],"reduce":[160],"labor":[162],"field.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}