{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3060248752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","title":"Applying a 6 DoF Robotic Arm and Digital Twin to Automate Fan-Blade Reconditioning for Aerospace Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul","display_name":"Applying a 6 DoF Robotic Arm and Digital Twin to Automate Fan-Blade Reconditioning for Aerospace Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3060248752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","mag":"3060248752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32824703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4637/pdf?version=1597752039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4637/pdf?version=1597752039","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046108772","display_name":"John Oyekan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-9928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Oyekan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055732885","display_name":"Michael Farnsworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-9984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Farnsworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022038523","display_name":"Windo Hutabarat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7393-7695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Windo Hutabarat","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101717288","display_name":"David A. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-2735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-2735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066657755","display_name":"Ashutosh Tiwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-1519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashutosh Tiwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering (ACSE), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046108772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.5047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89661449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"16","first_page":"4637","last_page":"4637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11301","display_name":"Advanced Surface Polishing Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.6436449885368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6061474084854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace","display_name":"Aerospace","score":0.5041941404342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.46190956234931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4337366819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3649616539478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3557095527648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26505929231643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10815107822418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10387423634529114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.6436449885368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6061474084854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167740415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2876213","display_name":"Aerospace","level":2,"score":0.5041941404342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.46190956234931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4337366819381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3649616539478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3557095527648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26505929231643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10815107822418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10387423634529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4637/pdf?version=1597752039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32824703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32824703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:164977","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7336eaac5bb44529af1583d65a6b180c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7336eaac5bb44529af1583d65a6b180c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 16, p 4637 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/16/4637/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 16; Pages: 4637","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7472033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7472033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164637","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4637/pdf?version=1597752039","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1333401591","display_name":"Affordable high-end automation using refurbished low-end robots and 'Assertive Products'","funder_award_id":"103554","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","funder_display_name":"Innovate UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1433489468","display_name":"Future Electrical Machines Manufacturing Hub","funder_award_id":"EP/S018034/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460542456","display_name":"Intelligent engineering coatings for in-manufacture and in-service monitoring of critical safety products (CoatIN)","funder_award_id":"EP/T024607/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3125448720","display_name":"EPSRC NetworkPlus In Digitalised Surface Manufacturing: Towards &quot;World's Best&quot; Processes","funder_award_id":"EP/S036180/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7013467722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T024607/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7231344379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S018034/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7686570716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S036180/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G770068759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S036180/1 EP/T024607/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306127","display_name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335087","display_name":"Innovate UK","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar5fy68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3060248752.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1881711072","https://openalex.org/W2007200979","https://openalex.org/W2027536030","https://openalex.org/W2036813237","https://openalex.org/W2053503921","https://openalex.org/W2092652693","https://openalex.org/W2094005525","https://openalex.org/W2126052502","https://openalex.org/W2310441878","https://openalex.org/W2337083997","https://openalex.org/W2383616253","https://openalex.org/W2386291710","https://openalex.org/W2435772714","https://openalex.org/W2509686429","https://openalex.org/W2555080193","https://openalex.org/W2598457882","https://openalex.org/W2607383125","https://openalex.org/W2625425085","https://openalex.org/W2626241481","https://openalex.org/W2767529563","https://openalex.org/W2768955070","https://openalex.org/W2810561859","https://openalex.org/W2895917781","https://openalex.org/W2899456386","https://openalex.org/W2906615498","https://openalex.org/W2913021751","https://openalex.org/W2916956741","https://openalex.org/W2938537244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539704186","https://openalex.org/W4254109238","https://openalex.org/W2399890175","https://openalex.org/W4308177873","https://openalex.org/W3202479762","https://openalex.org/W2480493049","https://openalex.org/W2592115649","https://openalex.org/W4322582183","https://openalex.org/W1937392525","https://openalex.org/W2347632764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,71,127],"UK":[1],"is":[2,16,56,79,89],"home":[3],"to":[4,27,59,96,104],"several":[5],"major":[6],"air":[7],"commercial":[8],"and":[9,23,49,73,91,120,144,171],"transport":[10],"hubs.":[11],"As":[12],"a":[13,17,82,94,112,121,175],"result,":[14],"there":[15],"high":[18],"demand":[19],"for":[20,64,133],"Maintenance,":[21],"Repair,":[22],"Overhaul":[24],"(MRO)":[25],"services":[26,38],"ensure":[28],"that":[29,152],"fleets":[30],"of":[31,69,75,85,111,136,146,163],"aircraft":[32],"are":[33],"in":[34,53],"airworthy":[35],"conditions.":[36],"MRO":[37],"currently":[39],"involve":[40],"heavy":[41],"manual":[42],"labor.":[43],"This":[44],"creates":[45],"bottlenecks,":[46],"low":[47,50],"repeatability,":[48],"productivity.":[51],"Presented":[52],"this":[54],"paper":[55],"an":[57,61,117],"investigation":[58],"create":[60],"automation":[62,77],"cell":[63,78],"the":[65,76,86,98,134,137,161,164,168],"fan-blade":[66,138],"reconditioning":[67,169],"component":[68],"MRO.":[70],"design":[72],"prototype":[74],"presented.":[80],"Furthermore,":[81],"digital":[83],"twin":[84],"grinding":[87,100],"process":[88,170],"developed":[90],"used":[92,132],"as":[93,140,142],"tool":[95],"explore":[97],"required":[99],"force":[101],"parameters":[102],"needed":[103],"effectively":[105],"remove":[106],"surface":[107,139],"material.":[108],"An":[109],"integration":[110],"6-DoF":[113],"industrial":[114],"robot":[115],"with":[116],"end-effector":[118],"grinder":[119],"computer":[122,128],"vision":[123,129],"system":[124,130,155],"was":[125,131],"undertaken.":[126],"digitization":[135],"well":[141],"tracking":[143],"guidance":[145],"material":[147,158],"removal.":[148],"Our":[149],"findings":[150],"reveal":[151],"our":[153],"proposed":[154],"can":[156],"perform":[157],"removal,":[159],"track":[160],"state":[162],"fan":[165],"blade":[166],"during":[167],"do":[172],"so":[173],"within":[174],"closed-loop":[176],"automated":[177],"robotic":[178],"work":[179],"cell.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
