{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047352307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","title":"LoRa 2.4 GHz Communication Link and Range","display_name":"LoRa 2.4 GHz Communication Link and Range","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047352307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","mag":"3047352307","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32764364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4366/pdf?version=1605242777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4366/pdf?version=1605242777","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045865","display_name":"Thomas Janssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-6744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Janssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-6744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007448088","display_name":"Noori BniLam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noori BniLam","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-8943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067849991","display_name":"Michiel Aernouts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-3871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michiel Aernouts","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-3871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017565613","display_name":"Rafael Berkvens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Berkvens","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0064-5020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086566274","display_name":"Maarten Weyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","display_name":"University of Antwerp","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maarten Weyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-6617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDLab-Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp-imec, Sint-Pietersvliet 7, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086566274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.0575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94606929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"16","first_page":"4366","last_page":"4366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chipset","display_name":"Chipset","score":0.8413525819778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.7134035229682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5769907832145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5626517534255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.4993705749511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.49581608176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4015846848487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39817172288894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3703957498073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23050066828727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.11461496353149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11422225832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09043195843696594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73431340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182656","display_name":"Chipset","level":3,"score":0.8413525819778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7134035229682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5769907832145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5626517534255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.4993705749511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49581608176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4015846848487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39817172288894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3703957498073578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23050066828727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.11461496353149414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11422225832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09043195843696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4366/pdf?version=1605242777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32764364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32764364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:c:irua:170968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1709680151162165141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401849","display_name":"Institutional Repository University of Antwerp (University of Antwerp)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149213910","host_organization_name":"University of Antwerp","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149213910"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3754a814532d48768a2095fd1ccbf879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3754a814532d48768a2095fd1ccbf879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 16, p 4366 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/16/4366/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 16; Pages: 4366","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7472251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7472251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20164366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/16/4366/pdf?version=1605242777","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7407309209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1S03821N","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","funder_display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8657647373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"769267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513524247","https://openalex.org/W1604061918","https://openalex.org/W1995803786","https://openalex.org/W2030535190","https://openalex.org/W2066530892","https://openalex.org/W2086430235","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2558305529","https://openalex.org/W2766513146","https://openalex.org/W2794682992","https://openalex.org/W2889358455","https://openalex.org/W2898242456","https://openalex.org/W2900061195","https://openalex.org/W2900142556","https://openalex.org/W2901188462","https://openalex.org/W2907057139","https://openalex.org/W2976715550","https://openalex.org/W2980804067","https://openalex.org/W2989364132","https://openalex.org/W2996206570","https://openalex.org/W2999791557","https://openalex.org/W3001625684","https://openalex.org/W3007760816","https://openalex.org/W3011871391","https://openalex.org/W3012710328","https://openalex.org/W3014204458","https://openalex.org/W3034230102","https://openalex.org/W3035701486","https://openalex.org/W6630759250","https://openalex.org/W6635962353","https://openalex.org/W6730505117","https://openalex.org/W6753994096","https://openalex.org/W6767084482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361454123","https://openalex.org/W2385247776","https://openalex.org/W2106546050","https://openalex.org/W2100196563","https://openalex.org/W2127916158","https://openalex.org/W2382142327","https://openalex.org/W2977359002","https://openalex.org/W2598933208","https://openalex.org/W2532282409","https://openalex.org/W2160420414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Semtech":[1],"has":[2],"released":[3],"a":[4,58,123,148],"Long":[5],"Range":[6],"(LoRa)":[7],"chipset":[8],"which":[9],"operates":[10],"at":[11,107,161],"the":[12,22,62,68,75,98,101,116,158,162,174,186,210],"globally":[13],"available":[14],"2.4":[15,69,102,187],"GHz":[16,70,103,188],"frequency":[17],"band,":[18],"on":[19],"top":[20],"of":[21,61,65,79,100,126,152,192,216],"existing":[23],"sub-GHz,":[24],"km-range":[25],"offer,":[26],"enabling":[27],"hardware":[28],"manufacturers":[29],"to":[30,96,173,221],"design":[31],"region-independent":[32],"chipsets.":[33],"The":[34,120],"SX1280":[35],"LoRa":[36,66,104,181,205],"module":[37],"promises":[38],"an":[39,135,143],"ultra-long":[40],"communication":[41,77,193,198],"range":[42,78,125,165],"while":[43],"withstanding":[44],"heavy":[45],"interference":[46],"in":[47,67,82,129,134,142,166,185,190,203],"this":[48,53,80,217],"widely":[49],"used":[50,95],"band.":[51,71],"In":[52,195],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,73,114],"first":[56],"provide":[57],"mathematical":[59],"description":[60],"physical":[63],"layer":[64],"Secondly,":[72],"investigate":[74,115],"maximum":[76,124,149],"technology":[81],"three":[83],"different":[84,108],"scenarios.":[85],"Free":[86],"space,":[87,131],"indoor":[88,136],"and":[89,111,139,177,199,213],"urban":[90,145],"path":[91],"loss":[92],"models":[93],"are":[94],"simulate":[97],"propagation":[99],"modulated":[105],"signal":[106],"spreading":[109],"factors":[110],"bandwidths.":[112],"Additionally,":[113],"corresponding":[117],"data":[118,150,159,179],"rates.":[119],"results":[121],"show":[122],"333":[127],"km":[128],"free":[130],"107":[132],"m":[133,141],"office-like":[137],"environment":[138],"867":[140],"outdoor":[144],"context.":[146],"While":[147],"rate":[151,160],"253.91":[153],"kbit/s":[154],"can":[155,207],"be":[156],"achieved,":[157],"longest":[163],"possible":[164],"every":[167],"scenario":[168],"equals":[169],"0.595":[170],"kbit/s.":[171],"Due":[172],"configurable":[175],"bandwidth":[176,212],"lower":[178],"rates,":[180],"outperforms":[182],"other":[183],"technologies":[184],"band":[189],"terms":[191],"range.":[194],"addition,":[196],"both":[197],"localization":[200,214],"applications":[201],"deployed":[202],"private":[204],"networks":[206],"benefit":[208],"from":[209],"increased":[211],"accuracy":[215],"system":[218],"when":[219],"compared":[220],"public":[222],"sub-GHz":[223],"networks.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
