{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046246583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","title":"Miniature Resistance Measurement Device for Structural Health Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Infrastructure","display_name":"Miniature Resistance Measurement Device for Structural Health Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Infrastructure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046246583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","mag":"3046246583","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32748874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4313/pdf?version=1596366490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4313/pdf?version=1596366490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059269684","display_name":"Dean M. Corva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-7516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean M. Corva","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014590140","display_name":"Seyyed Sobhan Hosseini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyyed Sobhan Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064613311","display_name":"Frank Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-5390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051390386","display_name":"Scott Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-0444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott D. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6466-0444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074825023","display_name":"Will P. Gates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-0289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will P. Gates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088007702","display_name":"Abbas Z. Kouzani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Z. Kouzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6292-1214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088007702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9019,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69446812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"15","first_page":"4313","last_page":"4313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion","display_name":"Corrosion","score":0.768291711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride","display_name":"Chloride","score":0.6575626730918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5936750769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.5475937724113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.5087762475013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5037657618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforced-concrete","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","score":0.46716153621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.4410289525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corrosion-monitoring","display_name":"Corrosion monitoring","score":0.44018983840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.4383653402328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.43550267815589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.43175897002220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4148745536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.34176206588745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.33635851740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.32001993060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24103286862373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.21036142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1997120976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.13982638716697693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20625102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q137056","display_name":"Corrosion","level":2,"score":0.768291711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44791900","display_name":"Chloride","level":2,"score":0.6575626730918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5936750769615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.5475937724113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.5087762475013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5037657618522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.46716153621673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.4410289525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781272187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5173027","display_name":"Corrosion monitoring","level":3,"score":0.44018983840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4383653402328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.43550267815589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.43175897002220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4148745536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.34176206588745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.33635851740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32001993060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24103286862373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.21036142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1997120976448059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.13982638716697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4313/pdf?version=1596366490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32748874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32748874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c2c0df1eaac843b0826a095317367ca2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c2c0df1eaac843b0826a095317367ca2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 15, p 4313 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30140704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20696134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Miniature_Resistance_Measurement_Device_for_Structural_Health_Monitoring_of_Reinforced_Concrete_Infrastructure/20696134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/15/4313/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 15; Pages: 4313","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7435588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7435588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154313","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4313/pdf?version=1596366490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046246583.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3046246583.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599506435","https://openalex.org/W1967326879","https://openalex.org/W1968380542","https://openalex.org/W1973183591","https://openalex.org/W1977023992","https://openalex.org/W1978706989","https://openalex.org/W1982750796","https://openalex.org/W1997614727","https://openalex.org/W2032204548","https://openalex.org/W2042748560","https://openalex.org/W2056441439","https://openalex.org/W2075137624","https://openalex.org/W2082902314","https://openalex.org/W2086293930","https://openalex.org/W2095132454","https://openalex.org/W2096199677","https://openalex.org/W2133170480","https://openalex.org/W2139851468","https://openalex.org/W2143969531","https://openalex.org/W2161560745","https://openalex.org/W2164750185","https://openalex.org/W2180456161","https://openalex.org/W2201400255","https://openalex.org/W2213401492","https://openalex.org/W2301961895","https://openalex.org/W2369864748","https://openalex.org/W2536289691","https://openalex.org/W2767576930","https://openalex.org/W2792700172","https://openalex.org/W2898035635","https://openalex.org/W2902378488","https://openalex.org/W2924991638","https://openalex.org/W2999449122","https://openalex.org/W3002576486","https://openalex.org/W3002806139","https://openalex.org/W3016052912","https://openalex.org/W3038646667","https://openalex.org/W6618098326","https://openalex.org/W6691337477","https://openalex.org/W6980776749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316095964","https://openalex.org/W2383001583","https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2131084560","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W4380521687","https://openalex.org/W3002689832","https://openalex.org/W2566421997","https://openalex.org/W3169232641","https://openalex.org/W2778311661"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,162],"vast":[1],"amount":[2],"of":[3,21,64,75,168],"civil":[4],"infrastructure":[5],"is":[6,145],"constructed":[7],"using":[8,105],"reinforced":[9,22],"concrete,":[10],"which":[11],"can":[12,81],"be":[13,32,46,82],"susceptible":[14],"to":[15,31,45,98,152,158],"corrosion,":[16],"posing":[17],"significant":[18],"risks.":[19],"Corrosion":[20],"concrete":[23,65,85,95,104],"has":[24],"various":[25,87],"causes,":[26],"with":[27,147],"chloride":[28,38,54,100],"ingress":[29,39,101],"known":[30],"a":[33,50,76,123,127,148,153],"major":[34],"contributor.":[35],"Monitoring":[36],"this":[37,109],"would":[40],"allow":[41],"for":[42,171],"preventative":[43],"maintenance":[44],"less":[47],"intrusive":[48],"at":[49,86],"lower":[51],"cost.":[52],"Currently,":[53],"sensing":[55],"methods":[56],"are":[57,117],"bulky":[58],"and":[59,73,89,111,150],"expensive,":[60],"leaving":[61],"the":[62,71,99,103,137,142,166,169],"majority":[63],"infrastructures":[66],"unmonitored.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"presents":[70],"design":[72],"fabrication":[74],"miniature,":[77],"low-cost":[78],"device":[79,92,120,170],"that":[80],"embedded":[83],"into":[84],"locations":[88],"depths.":[90],"The":[91,119],"measures":[93],"localized":[94],"resistance,":[96],"correlating":[97],"in":[102,108],"equations":[106],"listed":[107],"paper,":[110],"calculated":[112],"results":[113],"from":[114,122],"two":[115],"experiments":[116],"presented.":[118],"benefits":[121],"four-probe":[124],"architecture,":[125],"injecting":[126],"fixed":[128],"frequency":[129],"AC":[130],"waveform":[131],"across":[132,141],"its":[133],"outer":[134],"electrodes":[135,144],"within":[136],"cement":[138],"block.":[139],"Voltage":[140],"internal":[143],"measured":[146],"microcontroller":[149],"converted":[151],"resistance":[154],"value,":[155],"communicated":[156],"serially":[157],"an":[159],"external":[160],"computer.":[161],"final":[163],"test":[164],"showcases":[165],"ability":[167],"three-dimensional":[172],"mass":[173],"deployment.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
