{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044047161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","title":"Development of Reliable, High Performance WLCSP for BSI CMOS Image Sensor for Automotive Application","display_name":"Development of Reliable, High Performance WLCSP for BSI CMOS Image Sensor for Automotive Application","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044047161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","mag":"3044047161","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32707858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4077/pdf?version=1595413489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4077/pdf?version=1595413489","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000080386","display_name":"Tianshen Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052463808","display_name":"Shuying Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2294-0107"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuying Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huatian Technology (Kunshan) Electronics Co., Ltd., Kunshan 215300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huatian Technology (Kunshan) Electronics Co., Ltd., Kunshan 215300, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101795019","display_name":"Daquan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8065-2612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75867142","display_name":"Xiamen University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01285e189","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daquan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351458","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7279-2460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021936819","display_name":"Tao Hang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-0788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Hang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101795019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75867142"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65412108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"15","first_page":"4077","last_page":"4077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.723068356513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5911293625831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5246570110321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5071156024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.49393588304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4512762129306793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3738521933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23462119698524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2065931260585785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.723068356513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5911293625831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5246570110321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5071156024932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.49393588304519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4512762129306793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3738521933555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23462119698524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2065931260585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4077/pdf?version=1595413489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32707858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32707858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0304a86a10a74db88de3e0000b41ea49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0304a86a10a74db88de3e0000b41ea49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 15, p 4077 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/15/4077/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 15; Pages: 4077","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7435453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7435453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20154077","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154077","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/15/4077/pdf?version=1595413489","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G866133333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017ZX02519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","funder_display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335960","display_name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044047161.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1831783916","https://openalex.org/W1972563478","https://openalex.org/W1993008741","https://openalex.org/W1998290008","https://openalex.org/W2021953155","https://openalex.org/W2028272761","https://openalex.org/W2028372063","https://openalex.org/W2050982928","https://openalex.org/W2070094114","https://openalex.org/W2079180774","https://openalex.org/W2079798335","https://openalex.org/W2084897981","https://openalex.org/W2096727211","https://openalex.org/W2101621688","https://openalex.org/W2128303997","https://openalex.org/W2133406998","https://openalex.org/W2138637263","https://openalex.org/W2139367509","https://openalex.org/W2141504104","https://openalex.org/W2143244405","https://openalex.org/W2169924167","https://openalex.org/W2316752978","https://openalex.org/W2320275999","https://openalex.org/W2573563304","https://openalex.org/W2756636466","https://openalex.org/W2789892752","https://openalex.org/W6630363191","https://openalex.org/W6748908549","https://openalex.org/W6921275200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349576212","https://openalex.org/W1981776476","https://openalex.org/W2352535872","https://openalex.org/W1590693222","https://openalex.org/W2382967348","https://openalex.org/W2334823507","https://openalex.org/W2329660408","https://openalex.org/W2107073676","https://openalex.org/W2565551736","https://openalex.org/W2542675020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"meet":[1],"the":[2,51,67,115,121,141],"urgent":[3],"market":[4],"demand":[5],"for":[6,14,66],"small":[7],"package":[8,117,143],"size":[9,52,80],"and":[10,59,95,120,136],"high":[11],"reliability":[12],"performance":[13,139],"automotive":[15],"CMOS":[16],"image":[17],"sensor":[18],"(CIS)":[19],"application,":[20],"wafer":[21,129],"level":[22],"chip":[23,40,72],"scale":[24],"packaging":[25],"(WLCSP)":[26],"technology":[27],"using":[28,73],"through":[29],"silicon":[30],"vias":[31],"(TSV)":[32],"needs":[33],"to":[34,37,100],"be":[35],"developed":[36,65],"replace":[38],"current":[39],"on":[41,125],"board":[42],"(COB)":[43],"packages.":[44],"In":[45],"this":[46],"paper,":[47],"a":[48,74,79,96,126],"WLCSP":[49],"with":[50,78,105],"of":[53,61,81,98,114,140],"5.82":[54],"mm":[55,58,83],"\u00d7":[56,84,92],"5.22":[57],"thickness":[60],"850":[62],"\u03bcm":[63],"was":[64,118,144],"backside":[68],"illumination":[69],"(BSI)":[70],"CIS":[71,142],"65":[75],"nm":[76],"node":[77],"5.8":[82],"5.2":[85],"mm.":[86],"The":[87,112,149],"packaged":[88],"product":[89],"has":[90],"1392":[91],"976":[93],"pixels":[94],"resolution":[97],"up":[99],"60":[101],"frames":[102],"per":[103],"second":[104],"more":[106],"than":[107,133],"120":[108],"dB":[109],"dynamic":[110],"range.":[111],"structure":[113],"3D":[116],"designed":[119],"key":[122],"fabrication":[123],"processes":[124],"12\"":[127],"inch":[128],"were":[130,152],"investigated.":[131],"More":[132],"98%":[134],"yield":[135],"excellent":[137],"optical":[138],"achieved":[145],"after":[146],"process":[147],"optimization.":[148],"final":[150],"packages":[151],"qualified":[153],"by":[154],"AEC-Q100":[155],"Grade":[156],"2.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
