{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042273423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","title":"Security Aspects in Smart Meters: Analysis and Prevention","display_name":"Security Aspects in Smart Meters: Analysis and Prevention","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042273423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","mag":"3042273423","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3977/pdf?version=1595383509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3977/pdf?version=1595383509","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076160231","display_name":"Rebeca P. D\u0131\u0301az Redondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-2219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebeca P. D\u00edaz Redondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-2219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091308112","display_name":"Ana Fern\u00e1ndez Vilas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Fern\u00e1ndez-Vilas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-2143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010086752","display_name":"Gabriel Fern\u00e1ndez dos Reis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Fern\u00e1ndez dos Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information &amp; Computing Lab, AttlanTTIC Research Center, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076160231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.5303,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.894182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"14","first_page":"3977","last_page":"3977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7678956985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6635780334472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6140722036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100408434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5810219645500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.549528956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-exchange","display_name":"Data exchange","score":0.5092676877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.4337369203567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.41951048374176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41066765785217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3695090413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19957613945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14875528216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1155049204826355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7678956985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6635780334472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6140722036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100408434867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5810219645500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.549528956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15845906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172338","display_name":"Data exchange","level":2,"score":0.5092676877975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.4337369203567505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.41951048374176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41066765785217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3695090413093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19957613945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14875528216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1155049204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3977/pdf?version=1595383509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32708983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2312.08101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.08101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cf38218de85f4788b5701d52c3199601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cf38218de85f4788b5701d52c3199601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 14, p 3977 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es:11093/1730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400306","display_name":"Investigo repository of University of Vigo (University of Vigo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802353815","host_organization_name":"University Hospital Complex Of Vigo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802353815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/14/3977/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 14; Pages: 3977","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7412105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7412105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es:11093/1730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11093/1730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196408","display_name":"Investigo Institutional repository of UVigo (Universidade de Vigo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Vigo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143977","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3977/pdf?version=1595383509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8322913084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2017-84197-C4-2-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3042273423.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498573661","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1969456163","https://openalex.org/W1975153313","https://openalex.org/W1980256734","https://openalex.org/W1993562093","https://openalex.org/W2029029052","https://openalex.org/W2055037596","https://openalex.org/W2075419264","https://openalex.org/W2077204677","https://openalex.org/W2133100867","https://openalex.org/W2144994235","https://openalex.org/W2159065056","https://openalex.org/W2160625801","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2290739497","https://openalex.org/W2403061052","https://openalex.org/W2517336287","https://openalex.org/W2535431598","https://openalex.org/W2546677102","https://openalex.org/W2560168210","https://openalex.org/W2576765166","https://openalex.org/W2589575667","https://openalex.org/W2605163979","https://openalex.org/W2613554997","https://openalex.org/W2730936454","https://openalex.org/W2762859738","https://openalex.org/W2766731932","https://openalex.org/W2768021397","https://openalex.org/W2782590828","https://openalex.org/W2786918196","https://openalex.org/W2793486043","https://openalex.org/W2799174043","https://openalex.org/W2805092202","https://openalex.org/W2884789028","https://openalex.org/W2901693278","https://openalex.org/W2914242653","https://openalex.org/W2922088756","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W2979126598","https://openalex.org/W3010238261","https://openalex.org/W3102477513","https://openalex.org/W3124160955","https://openalex.org/W3167233969","https://openalex.org/W3172008484","https://openalex.org/W4247122376","https://openalex.org/W6648475870","https://openalex.org/W6726715279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W3090249087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0,10,26],"meters":[1,44],"are":[2,95,141,194],"of":[3,99,157,173,176,206],"the":[4,8,16,25,77,83,97,119,137,147,159,162,167],"basic":[5],"elements":[6],"in":[7,24,136,149],"so-called":[9],"Grid.":[11],"These":[12,139],"devices,":[13],"connected":[14,39],"to":[15,29,40,47,66,73,80,131,143,151,196,203,209],"Internet,":[17],"keep":[18],"bidirectional":[19],"communication":[20],"with":[21,49,115],"other":[22,37,163],"devices":[23,114,148,193],"Grid":[27],"structure":[28],"allow":[30],"remote":[31],"readings":[32],"and":[33,63,68,127,155,178,180,208],"maintenance.":[34],"As":[35],"any":[36],"device":[38],"a":[41,124,185],"network,":[42],"smart":[43,70],"become":[45],"vulnerable":[46,195],"attacks":[48,154,174],"different":[50,128],"purposes,":[51],"like":[52],"stealing":[53,179],"data":[54,129,133,182],"or":[55],"altering":[56],"readings.":[57],"Nowadays,":[58],"it":[59],"is":[60],"becoming":[61],"more":[62,64],"popular":[65],"buy":[67],"plug-and-play":[69],"meters,":[71],"additionally":[72],"those":[74],"installed":[75],"by":[76,169,183,211],"energy":[78,84],"providers,":[79],"directly":[81],"monitor":[82],"consumption":[85],"at":[86],"home.":[87,138],"This":[88],"option":[89],"inherently":[90],"entails":[91],"security":[92],"risks":[93],"that":[94],"under":[96],"responsibility":[98],"householders.":[100],"In":[101],"this":[102],"paper,":[103],"we":[104,122,165,200],"focus":[105],"on":[106,111],"an":[107],"open":[108],"solution":[109],"based":[110],"Smartpi":[112],"2.0":[113],"two":[116,171],"purposes.":[117],"On":[118,161],"one":[120],"hand,":[121,164],"propose":[123],"network":[125],"configuration":[126],"flows":[130,140],"exchange":[132],"(energy":[134],"readings)":[135],"designed":[142],"support":[144],"collaborative":[145],"among":[146],"order":[150],"prevent":[152],"external":[153],"attempts":[156],"corrupting":[158],"data.":[160],"check":[166],"vulnerability":[168],"performing":[170],"kind":[172],"(denial":[175],"service":[177],"changing":[181],"using":[184],"malware).":[186],"We":[187],"conclude":[188],"that,":[189],"as":[190],"expected,":[191],"these":[192,197],"attacks,":[198],"but":[199],"provide":[201],"mechanisms":[202],"detect":[204],"both":[205],"them":[207],"solve,":[210],"applying":[212],"cooperation":[213],"techniques.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
