{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043401064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","title":"Deep-Learning-Based Methodology for Fault Diagnosis in Electromechanical Systems","display_name":"Deep-Learning-Based Methodology for Fault Diagnosis in Electromechanical Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043401064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","mag":"3043401064","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3949/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3949/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082531315","display_name":"Francisco Arellano-Espitia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Arellano-Espitia","raw_affiliation_strings":["MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-0561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078539665","display_name":"Miguel Delgado-Prieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Delgado-Prieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-838X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045539352","display_name":"V\u00edctor Mart\u00ednez-Viol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-8395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Martinez-Viol","raw_affiliation_strings":["MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-8395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MCIA Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038708149","display_name":"Juan Jos\u00e9 Saucedo-Dorantes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-6694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157492648","display_name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8fdc16","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Jose Saucedo-Dorantes","raw_affiliation_strings":["HSPdigital CA-Mecatronica Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9026-6694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HSPdigital CA-Mecatronica Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046490122","display_name":"Roque A. Osornio\u2010Rios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-2918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157492648","display_name":"Autonomous University of Queretaro","ror":"https://ror.org/00v8fdc16","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios","raw_affiliation_strings":["HSPdigital CA-Mecatronica Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0868-2918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HSPdigital CA-Mecatronica Engineering Faculty, Autonomous University of Queretaro, San Juan del Rio 76806, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157492648"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082531315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8723,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93775054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"14","first_page":"3949","last_page":"3949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5617302060127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5015826225280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.49940943717956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4433848261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40132299065589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3529770076274872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17646709084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.1424037218093872}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5617302060127258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5015826225280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.49940943717956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4433848261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40132299065589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3529770076274872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17646709084510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.1424037218093872}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3949/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32708574","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3b2008841560425982f448a2b0becc15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3b2008841560425982f448a2b0becc15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 14, p 3949 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/14/3949/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors; Volume 20; Issue 14; Pages: 3949","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7412339","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7412339","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20143949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143949","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3949/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043401064.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043401064.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1983303124","https://openalex.org/W1984020445","https://openalex.org/W2035139964","https://openalex.org/W2058983449","https://openalex.org/W2061698056","https://openalex.org/W2063949206","https://openalex.org/W2065194550","https://openalex.org/W2069286190","https://openalex.org/W2102195535","https://openalex.org/W2125849121","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2140554090","https://openalex.org/W2144349261","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2219903032","https://openalex.org/W2255466643","https://openalex.org/W2305342428","https://openalex.org/W2324044936","https://openalex.org/W2480364715","https://openalex.org/W2558869916","https://openalex.org/W2559999082","https://openalex.org/W2589171657","https://openalex.org/W2593875641","https://openalex.org/W2598038731","https://openalex.org/W2603304445","https://openalex.org/W2608571722","https://openalex.org/W2612554669","https://openalex.org/W2612904117","https://openalex.org/W2736372937","https://openalex.org/W2767234670","https://openalex.org/W2769634371","https://openalex.org/W2769863434","https://openalex.org/W2773366193","https://openalex.org/W2785849677","https://openalex.org/W2790360346","https://openalex.org/W2798589477","https://openalex.org/W2809354902","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2905915376","https://openalex.org/W2908593881","https://openalex.org/W2909756634","https://openalex.org/W2914758825","https://openalex.org/W2946480304","https://openalex.org/W2954867553","https://openalex.org/W2963573361","https://openalex.org/W2983989276","https://openalex.org/W3149125382","https://openalex.org/W6629472256","https://openalex.org/W6757788625","https://openalex.org/W6763055234"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W4323565446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"diagnosis":[1,36,133],"in":[2,16,124,134],"manufacturing":[3],"systems":[4,78,136],"represents":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,20,52,58,65,142,149],"the":[8,17,24,50,56,63,109,118,143,147],"most":[9],"critical":[10],"challenges":[11],"dealing":[12],"with":[13,90],"condition-based":[14],"monitoring":[15,81],"recent":[18],"era":[19],"smart":[21],"manufacturing.":[22],"In":[23,48,83],"current":[25],"Industry":[26],"4.0":[27],"framework,":[28],"maintenance":[29],"strategies":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"traditional":[33],"data-driven":[34],"fault":[35,67,132],"schemes":[37,88],"require":[38],"enhanced":[39],"capabilities":[40],"to":[41,70,75,154],"be":[42],"applied":[43],"over":[44],"modern":[45],"production":[46],"systems.":[47],"fact,":[49],"integration":[51],"multiple":[53,59],"mechanical":[54],"components,":[55],"consideration":[57],"operating":[60],"conditions,":[61],"and":[62,114,151,166],"appearance":[64],"combined":[66],"patterns":[68],"due":[69],"eventual":[71],"multi-fault":[72],"scenarios":[73],"lead":[74],"complex":[76],"electromechanical":[77,135],"requiring":[79],"advanced":[80,91],"strategies.":[82],"this":[84,125],"regard,":[85],"data":[86,102],"fusion":[87],"supported":[89,160],"deep":[92,110],"learning":[93,111],"technology":[94],"represent":[95,117],"a":[96,100,127,167],"promising":[97],"approach":[98],"towards":[99],"big":[101],"paradigm":[103],"using":[104],"cloud-based":[105],"software":[106],"services.":[107],"However,":[108],"models'":[112],"structure":[113],"hyper-parameters":[115],"selection":[116],"main":[119,140],"limitation":[120],"when":[121],"applied.":[122],"Thus,":[123],"paper,":[126],"novel":[128],"deep-learning-based":[129],"methodology":[130,145,158],"for":[131],"is":[137,159],"presented.":[138],"The":[139,157],"benefits":[141],"proposed":[144],"are":[146],"easiness":[148],"application":[150],"high":[152],"adaptability":[153],"available":[155],"data.":[156],"by":[161],"an":[162],"unsupervised":[163],"stacked":[164],"auto-encoders":[165],"supervised":[168],"discriminant":[169],"analysis.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}