{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037348855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","title":"Assessment of Empirical Troposphere Model GPT3 Based on NGL\u2019s Global Troposphere Products","display_name":"Assessment of Empirical Troposphere Model GPT3 Based on NGL\u2019s Global Troposphere Products","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037348855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","mag":"3037348855","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20133631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3631/pdf?version=1593519141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3631/pdf?version=1593519141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052385763","display_name":"Junsheng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-4999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsheng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-4999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073012010","display_name":"Junping Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junping Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2899-7677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Space Navigation and Positioning Techniques, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073012010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":3.5932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93209386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"13","first_page":"3631","last_page":"3631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/troposphere","display_name":"Troposphere","score":0.9426138401031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5601931810379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4435100555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.41980311274528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3764384388923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16468891501426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14222583174705505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.9426138401031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5601931810379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4435100555419922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.41980311274528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3764384388923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16468891501426697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14222583174705505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20133631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3631/pdf?version=1593519141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32605279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32605279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82931e5483194699b38e557ec9fa8ed5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82931e5483194699b38e557ec9fa8ed5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 13, p 3631 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/13/3631/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7374506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7374506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20133631","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133631","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3631/pdf?version=1593519141","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2101146052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2562158013","display_name":"\u536b\u661f\u5bfc\u822a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7a7a\u57fa\u51c6\u7cbe\u5316\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11673050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3238738533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B030325001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G377015191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G435960491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2018YFB0504300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7296777945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZJ2018-ZD-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322839","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037348855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037348855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519855838","https://openalex.org/W1983985357","https://openalex.org/W2081182187","https://openalex.org/W2151947457","https://openalex.org/W2151975955","https://openalex.org/W2258043479","https://openalex.org/W2739715218","https://openalex.org/W2755346628","https://openalex.org/W2886041739","https://openalex.org/W2893726365","https://openalex.org/W2995584308","https://openalex.org/W2998310799","https://openalex.org/W2998530089","https://openalex.org/W3112818430","https://openalex.org/W4243100138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348334746","https://openalex.org/W2025920396","https://openalex.org/W2143738227","https://openalex.org/W1992332293","https://openalex.org/W4221127575","https://openalex.org/W2031573751","https://openalex.org/W2081132944","https://openalex.org/W2149357482","https://openalex.org/W1968140275","https://openalex.org/W2150850849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tropospheric":[0],"delay":[1],"is":[2,68,163,171,179,206],"one":[3],"of":[4,38,61,72,96,124,154,176,196],"the":[5,17,35,44,51,59,62,69,73,83,93,97,103,121,127,131,155,167,177,197,224],"major":[6],"error":[7,112],"sources":[8],"in":[9,43],"GNSS":[10,134],"(Global":[11,75],"Navigation":[12],"Satellite":[13],"Systems)":[14],"positioning.":[15],"Over":[16],"years,":[18,47],"many":[19],"approaches":[20],"have":[21,126],"been":[22],"devised":[23],"which":[24,67,213],"aim":[25],"at":[26],"accurately":[27],"modeling":[28],"tropospheric":[29],"delays,":[30],"so-called":[31],"troposphere":[32,36,64,122,147],"models.":[33,148],"Using":[34],"data":[37],"over":[39],"16,000":[40],"global":[41,151,168,193],"stations":[42],"last":[45],"10":[46],"as":[48,113,130,141],"calculated":[49],"by":[50,161,204],"Nevada":[52],"Geodetic":[53],"Laboratory":[54],"(NGL),":[55],"this":[56],"paper":[57],"evaluates":[58],"performance":[60],"empirical":[63,98],"model":[65,99,178],"GPT3,":[66],"latest":[70],"version":[71],"GPT":[74],"Pressure":[76],"and":[77,89,107,137,166,184,200,209,229],"Temperature)":[78],"series":[79],"model.":[80],"Owing":[81],"to":[82,226,233],"large":[84],"station":[85,91],"number,":[86],"long":[87],"time-span":[88],"diverse":[90],"distribution,":[92],"spatiotemporal":[94],"properties":[95],"were":[100],"analyzed":[101],"using":[102],"average":[104,152,169,194],"deviation":[105],"(BIAS)":[106],"root":[108],"mean":[109],"square":[110],"(RMS)":[111],"indicators.":[114],"The":[115,150,174,192],"experimental":[116],"results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"that:":[119],"(1)":[120],"products":[123,136],"NGL":[125],"same":[128],"accuracy":[129,175],"IGS":[132],"(International":[133],"Service)":[135],"can":[138],"be":[139],"used":[140],"a":[142],"reference":[143],"for":[144],"evaluating":[145],"general":[146],"(2)":[149],"BIAS":[153],"ZTD":[156],"(zenith":[157],"total":[158],"delay)":[159],"estimated":[160,203],"GPT3":[162,205],"-0.99":[164],"cm":[165],"RMS":[170,195],"4.41":[172],"cm.":[173],"strongly":[180,215],"correlated":[181,216],"with":[182,217,220],"latitude":[183],"ellipsoidal":[185],"height,":[186],"showing":[187],"obviously":[188],"seasonal":[189],"variations.":[190],"(3)":[191],"north":[198],"gradient":[199,202],"east":[201],"0.77":[207],"mm":[208],"0.73":[210],"mm,":[211],"respectively,":[212],"are":[214],"each":[218],"other,":[219],"values":[221],"increasing":[222],"from":[223,231],"equator":[225],"lower":[227,232],"latitudes":[228],"decreasing":[230],"higher":[234],"latitudes.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
