{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036820667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","title":"BM-IQE: An Image Quality Evaluator with Block-Matching for Both Real-Life Scenes and Remote Sensing Scenes","display_name":"BM-IQE: An Image Quality Evaluator with Block-Matching for Both Real-Life Scenes and Remote Sensing Scenes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036820667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","mag":"3036820667","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32575567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3472/pdf?version=1592884494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3472/pdf?version=1592884494","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007926338","display_name":"Ningshan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-0170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningshan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","The School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-0170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017765885","display_name":"DongAo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102187055","display_name":"Guoqiang Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoqiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051345784","display_name":"Yongmei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-8397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102187055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7457705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"3472","last_page":"3472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.784365177154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.7117331027984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5818405747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5764665007591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5095980167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4320945143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.4210028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4204401671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.41106122732162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14390769600868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0751025378704071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.784365177154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7117331027984619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5818405747413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5764665007591248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5095980167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4320945143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.4210028648376465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4204401671886444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.41106122732162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14390769600868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0751025378704071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3472/pdf?version=1592884494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32575567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32575567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c53f18e9ccca41218933040e97b8e9c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c53f18e9ccca41218933040e97b8e9c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 3472 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/12/3472/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7349577","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7349577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123472","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3472/pdf?version=1592884494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2528361131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0500201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036820667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036820667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575230410","https://openalex.org/W1922292441","https://openalex.org/W1977725648","https://openalex.org/W1978928662","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1981572319","https://openalex.org/W1982471090","https://openalex.org/W1985136763","https://openalex.org/W1986663616","https://openalex.org/W1987489060","https://openalex.org/W1996784706","https://openalex.org/W2001288097","https://openalex.org/W2009763810","https://openalex.org/W2014584163","https://openalex.org/W2040336387","https://openalex.org/W2046119925","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2065267360","https://openalex.org/W2087996714","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2102397036","https://openalex.org/W2106775624","https://openalex.org/W2115368080","https://openalex.org/W2120838001","https://openalex.org/W2124562516","https://openalex.org/W2129644086","https://openalex.org/W2130172650","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136506125","https://openalex.org/W2137186219","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2142901046","https://openalex.org/W2143901157","https://openalex.org/W2161223164","https://openalex.org/W2161471609","https://openalex.org/W2162692770","https://openalex.org/W2163009106","https://openalex.org/W2163370434","https://openalex.org/W2168023013","https://openalex.org/W2169037956","https://openalex.org/W2296249689","https://openalex.org/W2313255946","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2546855109","https://openalex.org/W2563786098","https://openalex.org/W2577537809","https://openalex.org/W2885293071","https://openalex.org/W2914551658","https://openalex.org/W2997252143","https://openalex.org/W3100498948","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W6675887779","https://openalex.org/W6683008301","https://openalex.org/W6698363002","https://openalex.org/W6772863855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972035260","https://openalex.org/W2372403409","https://openalex.org/W4242726756","https://openalex.org/W4301594054","https://openalex.org/W2794488505","https://openalex.org/W3125889879","https://openalex.org/W3124422538","https://openalex.org/W144832045","https://openalex.org/W2295467472","https://openalex.org/W2099811626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Like":[0],"natural":[1,100,146,208,288],"images,":[2],"remote":[3,17,59,84,105,167,276],"sensing":[4,85,106,168,277],"scene":[5,86,107,147,278],"images;":[6,87],"of":[7,15,58,63,96,145,206,216,220,227,235,246,256],"which":[8],"the":[9,12,16,22,32,55,68,132,143,155,179,247,257,264],"quality":[10,75,214,225,240,244],"represents":[11],"imaging":[13,26,33,56],"performance":[14,34,57,98,285],"sensor,":[18],"also":[19,282],"suffer":[20],"from":[21,175,203],"degradation":[23],"caused":[24],"by":[25,232],"system.":[27],"However,":[28],"current":[29],"methods":[30,78,274],"measuring":[31],"in":[35,88],"engineering":[36],"applications":[37],"require":[38],"for":[39,99],"particular":[40],"image":[41,74,127,249,279,289],"patterns":[42],"and":[43,124,165,178],"lack":[44],"generality.":[45],"Therefore,":[46],"a":[47,93,113,186,198,204,212],"more":[48],"universal":[49],"approach":[50],"is":[51,152,194,230,250],"demanded":[52],"to":[53,67,122,162,185,210,293],"assess":[54],"sensor":[60],"without":[61],"constraints":[62],"land":[64],"cover.":[65],"Due":[66],"fact":[69],"that":[70,263],"existing":[71,294],"general-purpose":[72,287],"blind":[73],"assessment":[76],"(BIQA)":[77],"cannot":[79],"obtain":[80],"satisfying":[81],"results":[82],"on":[83,275,286],"this":[89,130],"work,":[90],"we":[91,158],"propose":[92],"BIQA":[94,273],"model":[95,193,201],"improved":[97],"images":[101,108,209],"as":[102,104,291],"well":[103],"namely":[109],"BM-IQE.":[110],"We":[111],"employ":[112],"novel":[114],"block-matching":[115],"strategy":[116],"called":[117],"Structural":[118],"Similarity":[119],"Block-Matching":[120],"(SSIM-BM)":[121],"match":[123],"group":[125,177],"similar":[126,237],"patches.":[128],"In":[129],"way,":[131],"potential":[133],"local":[134],"information":[135],"among":[136],"different":[137],"patches":[138],"can":[139,268],"get":[140],"expressed;":[141],"thus,":[142],"validity":[144],"statistics":[148],"(NSS)":[149],"feature":[150,180],"modeling":[151],"enhanced.":[153],"At":[154],"same":[156],"time,":[157],"introduce":[159],"several":[160],"features":[161,172],"better":[163],"characterize":[164],"express":[166],"images.":[169],"The":[170,223,242],"NSS":[171],"are":[173,182],"extracted":[174],"each":[176,217,221,228],"vectors":[181],"then":[183,251],"fitted":[184],"multivariate":[187],"Gaussian":[188],"(MVG)":[189],"model.":[190],"This":[191],"MVG":[192,200],"therefore":[195],"used":[196],"against":[197],"reference":[199],"learned":[202],"corpus":[205],"high-quality":[207],"produce":[211],"basic":[213,239],"estimation":[215,226],"patch":[218,229,258],"(centroid":[219],"group).":[222],"further":[224],"obtained":[231],"weighting":[233],"averaging":[234],"its":[236],"patches'":[238],"estimations.":[241,259],"overall":[243],"score":[245],"test":[248],"computed":[252],"through":[253],"average":[254],"pooling":[255],"Extensive":[260],"experiments":[261],"demonstrate":[262],"proposed":[265],"BM-IQE":[266],"method":[267],"not":[269],"only":[270],"outperforms":[271],"other":[272],"datasets":[280,290],"but":[281],"achieve":[283],"competitive":[284],"compared":[292],"state-of-the-art":[295],"FR/NR-IQA":[296],"methods.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
