{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035900823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","title":"Rapid Multi-Sensor Feature Fusion Based on Non-Stationary Kernel JADE for the Small-Amplitude Hunting Monitoring of High-Speed Trains","display_name":"Rapid Multi-Sensor Feature Fusion Based on Non-Stationary Kernel JADE for the Small-Amplitude Hunting Monitoring of High-Speed Trains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035900823","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","mag":"3035900823","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3457/pdf?version=1592560991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3457/pdf?version=1592560991","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727577","display_name":"Ning Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3445-6658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139481","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139481"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","Technology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022405288","display_name":"Mingkuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0742-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingkuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102785613","display_name":"Chunjun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunjun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385628","display_name":"Yanping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-7135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100727577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139481","https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.357,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78299618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"3457","last_page":"3457"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jade","display_name":"JADE (particle detector)","score":0.8590778112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.6893560886383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6004132628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5362374782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5234453082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.5215770602226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5139910578727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.47453582286834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.45029139518737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22713902592658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17276734113693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06950604915618896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780032874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948557","display_name":"JADE (particle detector)","level":2,"score":0.8590778112411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.6893560886383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6004132628440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5362374782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5234453082084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.5215770602226257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5139910578727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.47453582286834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.45029139518737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22713902592658997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17276734113693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06950604915618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3457/pdf?version=1592560991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32570955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32570955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db39bd3c912e4b9f83d93d6f12ce23b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db39bd3c912e4b9f83d93d6f12ce23b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 3457 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/12/3457/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7349269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7349269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123457","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3457/pdf?version=1592560991","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6925337488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975486 and 51975487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035900823.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035900823.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W906091168","https://openalex.org/W1202858614","https://openalex.org/W1667046786","https://openalex.org/W1930449326","https://openalex.org/W1973995046","https://openalex.org/W2006392326","https://openalex.org/W2030629635","https://openalex.org/W2033756127","https://openalex.org/W2039872426","https://openalex.org/W2040535403","https://openalex.org/W2059088665","https://openalex.org/W2061898211","https://openalex.org/W2063592879","https://openalex.org/W2085003924","https://openalex.org/W2103914106","https://openalex.org/W2106600781","https://openalex.org/W2162391249","https://openalex.org/W2167217202","https://openalex.org/W2295194438","https://openalex.org/W2368805931","https://openalex.org/W2522921622","https://openalex.org/W2523135411","https://openalex.org/W2574774005","https://openalex.org/W2621367778","https://openalex.org/W2789904726","https://openalex.org/W2791162787","https://openalex.org/W2883448922","https://openalex.org/W2891288317","https://openalex.org/W2992720564","https://openalex.org/W3001267401","https://openalex.org/W6675738834","https://openalex.org/W6684781795","https://openalex.org/W6771536333","https://openalex.org/W7009266213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293167945","https://openalex.org/W2388370403","https://openalex.org/W2387479890","https://openalex.org/W3126578166","https://openalex.org/W2351468457","https://openalex.org/W2381248637","https://openalex.org/W2392095411","https://openalex.org/W2357510283","https://openalex.org/W2368294201","https://openalex.org/W2381152694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Joint":[0],"Approximate":[1],"Diagonalization":[2],"of":[3,41,71,76,86,107,130,141,149,165],"Eigen-matrices":[4],"(JADE)":[5],"cannot":[6],"deal":[7],"with":[8,62],"non-stationary":[9,27,166],"data.":[10],"Therefore,":[11],"in":[12],"this":[13,37,118,142],"paper,":[14,119],"a":[15,97],"method":[16,59,78,101,122,143,156],"called":[17],"Non-stationary":[18],"Kernel":[19],"JADE":[20],"(NKJADE)":[21],"is":[22,44,60,79,93,114,123,144],"proposed,":[23],"which":[24],"can":[25,157],"extract":[26],"features":[28,32,56,164],"and":[29,34,46,64,73,134,152],"fuse":[30,54,162],"multi-sensor":[31,50,163],"precisely":[33],"rapidly.":[35,168],"In":[36,117],"method,":[38],"the":[39,42,47,55,67,74,77,83,104,112,120,127,139,150],"non-stationarity":[40],"data":[43,48,70,167],"considered":[45],"from":[49],"are":[51,89],"used":[52,160],"to":[53,95,102,125,161],"efficiently.":[57],"The":[58],"compared":[61],"EEMD-SVD-LTSA":[63,153],"EEMD-JADE":[65,151],"using":[66],"bearing":[68],"fault":[69],"CWRU,":[72],"validity":[75],"verified.":[80],"Considering":[81],"that":[82,138,148],"vibration":[84],"signals":[85],"high-speed":[87],"trains":[88],"typically":[90],"non-stationary,":[91],"it":[92],"necessary":[94],"utilize":[96],"rapid":[98],"feature":[99],"fusion":[100],"identify":[103,126],"evolutionary":[105,128],"trends":[106],"hunting":[108,131],"motions":[109,132],"quickly":[110,133],"before":[111],"phenomenon":[113],"fully":[115],"manifested.":[116],"proposed":[121],"applied":[124],"trend":[129],"accurately.":[135],"Results":[136],"verify":[137],"accuracy":[140],"much":[145],"higher":[146],"than":[147],"methods.":[154],"This":[155],"also":[158],"be":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}