{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035171318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","title":"ARCS: Active Radar Cross Section for Multi-Radiator Problems in Complex EM Environments","display_name":"ARCS: Active Radar Cross Section for Multi-Radiator Problems in Complex EM Environments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035171318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","mag":"3035171318","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32545920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3371/pdf?version=1592213647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3371/pdf?version=1592213647","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005680009","display_name":"Liqiang Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3366-9486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078029003","display_name":"Yongjun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-1776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101557755","display_name":"Peiyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peiyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-8045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050471564","display_name":"Chungang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-1821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chungang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-1821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101557755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74947081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"12","first_page":"3371","last_page":"3371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11263","display_name":"Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.8841146230697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6840783357620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiator","display_name":"Radiator (engine cooling)","score":0.6184560060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universality","display_name":"Universality (dynamical systems)","score":0.5768073797225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5431356430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoherent-scatter","display_name":"Incoherent scatter","score":0.5278822183609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.42792776226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3661290407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32923078536987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3201843500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2852848172187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2644338607788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23208165168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.088258296251297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.8841146230697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6840783357620239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63034144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163026","display_name":"Radiator (engine cooling)","level":2,"score":0.6184560060501099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183992945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495574","display_name":"Universality (dynamical systems)","level":2,"score":0.5768073797225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5431356430053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35777598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14659607","display_name":"Incoherent scatter","level":3,"score":0.5278822183609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.42792776226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3661290407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32923078536987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3201843500137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2852848172187805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2644338607788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23208165168762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.088258296251297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3371/pdf?version=1592213647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32545920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32545920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6218e9fca4b40e182e449c3b24361d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6218e9fca4b40e182e449c3b24361d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 12, p 3371 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/12/3371/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7348837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7348837","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20123371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123371","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3371/pdf?version=1592213647","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4474570799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571022, 61971022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4934244957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5723704931","display_name":"\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7535\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7535\u78c1\u5de5\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61571022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035171318.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035171318.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1912142132","https://openalex.org/W1973654949","https://openalex.org/W1981266780","https://openalex.org/W1999081749","https://openalex.org/W1999549883","https://openalex.org/W2018115270","https://openalex.org/W2018570267","https://openalex.org/W2020493111","https://openalex.org/W2029054104","https://openalex.org/W2036596753","https://openalex.org/W2061714274","https://openalex.org/W2096440756","https://openalex.org/W2105725659","https://openalex.org/W2106047183","https://openalex.org/W2109100575","https://openalex.org/W2111239143","https://openalex.org/W2118374690","https://openalex.org/W2123357189","https://openalex.org/W2124336399","https://openalex.org/W2138971440","https://openalex.org/W2139661049","https://openalex.org/W2142097619","https://openalex.org/W2146966004","https://openalex.org/W2167265942","https://openalex.org/W2172065297","https://openalex.org/W2225690030","https://openalex.org/W2241623867","https://openalex.org/W2312733410","https://openalex.org/W2330260230","https://openalex.org/W2331596231","https://openalex.org/W2770628429","https://openalex.org/W2800510111","https://openalex.org/W2801574954","https://openalex.org/W2802097223","https://openalex.org/W2895847953","https://openalex.org/W2896090836","https://openalex.org/W2896262248","https://openalex.org/W2898290599","https://openalex.org/W2899177240","https://openalex.org/W2899211158","https://openalex.org/W2900859696","https://openalex.org/W2901405060","https://openalex.org/W2901521099","https://openalex.org/W2901531190","https://openalex.org/W2922153959","https://openalex.org/W2923948495","https://openalex.org/W2932233859","https://openalex.org/W2936386759","https://openalex.org/W2945354670","https://openalex.org/W2946046120","https://openalex.org/W2947299307","https://openalex.org/W2965233915","https://openalex.org/W2965752134","https://openalex.org/W2966696322","https://openalex.org/W2978855722","https://openalex.org/W2978878308","https://openalex.org/W2982005151","https://openalex.org/W2995549149","https://openalex.org/W2995577170","https://openalex.org/W2996440508","https://openalex.org/W3004634262","https://openalex.org/W3004861979","https://openalex.org/W3005771047","https://openalex.org/W3037798298","https://openalex.org/W6640203083","https://openalex.org/W6680783213","https://openalex.org/W6688846482","https://openalex.org/W6772513458","https://openalex.org/W6780593642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382300241","https://openalex.org/W1509770760","https://openalex.org/W2773042917","https://openalex.org/W1992211884","https://openalex.org/W2565121150","https://openalex.org/W2365323977","https://openalex.org/W4234282880","https://openalex.org/W2159801624","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,99],"analyze":[3],"the":[4,10,34,46,50,53,62,66,71,75,78,82,102,105,113,122,128,134,140,146,154,162,164,167],"scattering":[5],"properties":[6],"in":[7,88],"multi-radiator":[8,125],"problems,":[9],"active":[11],"radar":[12,36,67,142],"cross":[13,37],"section":[14,38],"(ARCS)":[15],"concept":[16,40,116,157],"is":[17,137,158,172],"proposed":[18,31,106,114,155],"under":[19],"complex":[20,89],"electromagnetic":[21],"(EM)":[22],"environments.":[23],"The":[24,109],"corresponding":[25],"calculation":[26,168],"methods":[27,149],"and":[28,65,77,93,170,175],"formulation":[29,171],"are":[30,96],"by":[32,69,139],"incorporating":[33],"monostatic":[35],"(RCS)":[39],"with":[41,121,133,145],"external":[42,63,83,151],"disturbances.":[43],"By":[44],"introducing":[45],"phase":[47],"characteristics":[48,80],"into":[49],"ARCS":[51,107,115,129,156],"concept,":[52],"coherent":[54,76],"problems":[55],"can":[56,85,130],"be":[57,86,131],"accurately":[58],"solved.":[59],"Through":[60,161],"analyzing":[61],"disturbance":[64,84],"waves":[68],"employing":[70],"finite":[72],"element":[73],"method,":[74],"incoherent":[79,124,148],"of":[81,104,166],"simulated":[87],"structures.":[90],"Numerical":[91],"examples":[92],"an":[94],"experiment":[95],"carried":[97],"out":[98],"further":[100,173],"demonstrate":[101,111],"effectiveness":[103,165],"concept.":[108],"results":[110],"that":[112],"obtains":[117],"better":[118],"universality":[119],"compared":[120],"existing":[123,147],"formulation.":[126],"Meanwhile,":[127],"identical":[132],"solution":[135],"which":[136],"obtained":[138],"single":[141],"wave.":[143],"Compared":[144],"for":[150],"disturbances":[152],"calculations,":[153],"more":[159],"rational.":[160],"experiment,":[163],"method":[169],"demonstrated":[174],"validated.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
