{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033522739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","title":"Detecting Coal Pulverizing System Anomaly Using a Gated Recurrent Unit and Clustering","display_name":"Detecting Coal Pulverizing System Anomaly Using a Gated Recurrent Unit and Clustering","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033522739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","mag":"3033522739","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32521793"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3271/pdf?version=1591953189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3271/pdf?version=1591953189","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101910403","display_name":"Zian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1029-8529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101601214","display_name":"Zhiyu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2683-3989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034603953","display_name":"Haojun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0126-5564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haojun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052712568","display_name":"Zijun Que","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5859-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Que","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073339803","display_name":"Guozhen Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guozhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081049428","display_name":"Zhengguo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-7324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengguo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052712568"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60609733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"11","first_page":"3271","last_page":"3271"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11284","display_name":"Coal Properties and Utilization","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.8420939445495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6731389760971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostics","display_name":"Prognostics","score":0.5940748453140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5773934125900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal","display_name":"Coal","score":0.5504162311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5283029079437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4935966730117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"Coal mining","score":0.45515531301498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.41770774126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.411952942609787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3580123782157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32041770219802856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.8420939445495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6731389760971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129364497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042561","display_name":"Prognostics","level":2,"score":0.5940748453140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5773934125900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.5504162311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5283029079437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4935966730117798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108615695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12880211","display_name":"Coal mining","level":3,"score":0.45515531301498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.41770774126052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.411952942609787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3580123782157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32041770219802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3271/pdf?version=1591953189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32521793","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32521793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3410d558f15144efa18281f0e410eff0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3410d558f15144efa18281f0e410eff0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 11, p 3271 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/11/3271/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7309027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7309027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113271","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113271","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3271/pdf?version=1591953189","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121113327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5137841467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6887114618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033522739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033522739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050252315","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2070934669","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2152936123","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2417225786","https://openalex.org/W2441266639","https://openalex.org/W2580840020","https://openalex.org/W2609731728","https://openalex.org/W2736365310","https://openalex.org/W2740570963","https://openalex.org/W2758462749","https://openalex.org/W2786827964","https://openalex.org/W2811382633","https://openalex.org/W2885652571","https://openalex.org/W2902036888","https://openalex.org/W2904388869","https://openalex.org/W2908628397","https://openalex.org/W2925288323","https://openalex.org/W2944921687","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2961631180","https://openalex.org/W2964294029","https://openalex.org/W2964655815","https://openalex.org/W2971703624","https://openalex.org/W2995353658","https://openalex.org/W3006339384","https://openalex.org/W3007888802","https://openalex.org/W3010421437","https://openalex.org/W3011022069","https://openalex.org/W3011220066","https://openalex.org/W3012285507","https://openalex.org/W3020020118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,14,141,157],"coal":[1,19,45,50,86,154],"pulverizing":[2,20,46,51,87,155],"system":[3,8,21,52,88,122],"is":[4,36,53,62,89,109,139,144],"an":[5,37,152],"important":[6],"auxiliary":[7],"in":[9],"thermal":[10],"power":[11,30],"generation":[12],"systems.":[13,47],"working":[15],"condition":[16,123],"of":[17,29,44,84,104,116],"a":[18,54,76,102,131,147],"may":[22],"directly":[23],"affect":[24],"the":[25,42,49,85,113,121,128,161,166],"safety":[26],"and":[27,33,57,119],"economy":[28],"generation.":[31],"Prognostics":[32],"health":[34],"management":[35],"effective":[38],"approach":[39],"to":[40,64,111],"ensure":[41],"reliability":[43],"As":[48],"typical":[55],"dynamic":[56],"nonlinear":[58],"high-dimensional":[59,117],"system,":[60],"it":[61],"difficult":[63],"construct":[65],"accurate":[66],"mathematical":[67],"models":[68],"used":[69],"for":[70,81,136],"anomaly":[71,82,137,167],"detection.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper,":[75],"novel":[77,132],"data-driven":[78],"integrated":[79],"framework":[80,143,163],"detection":[83,138],"proposed.":[90,140],"A":[91],"neural":[92,106],"network":[93,107],"model":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96],"gated":[97],"recurrent":[98,105],"unit":[99],"(GRU)":[100],"networks,":[101],"type":[103],"(RNN),":[108],"constructed":[110],"describe":[112],"temporal":[114],"characteristics":[115],"data":[118],"predict":[120],"value.":[124],"Then,":[125],"aiming":[126],"at":[127],"prediction":[129],"error,":[130],"unsupervised":[133],"clustering":[134],"algorithm":[135],"proposed":[142,162],"validated":[145],"by":[146],"real":[148],"case":[149],"study":[150],"from":[151],"industrial":[153],"system.":[156],"results":[158],"show":[159],"that":[160],"can":[164],"detect":[165],"successfully.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
