{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034066988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","title":"Cuckoo-PC: An Evolutionary Synchronization-Aware Placement of SDN Controllers for Optimizing the Network Performance in WSNs","display_name":"Cuckoo-PC: An Evolutionary Synchronization-Aware Placement of SDN Controllers for Optimizing the Network Performance in WSNs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034066988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","mag":"3034066988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3231/pdf?version=1591429025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3231/pdf?version=1591429025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029549477","display_name":"Shirin Tahmasebi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Tahmasebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-11155, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031048538","display_name":"Mohadeseh Safi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-0718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089766","display_name":"Technical and Vocational University","ror":"https://ror.org/00854zy02","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089766"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohadeseh Safi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shariaty Technical College, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2872-0718","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shariaty Technical College, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012725959","display_name":"Somayeh Zolfi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somayeh Zolfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16851-18918, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16851-18918, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026387263","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz 71887-73489, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz 71887-73489, Iran","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022921623","display_name":"Hamid Reza Faragardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-5323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Reza Faragardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-5323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052083901","display_name":"Hossein Fotouhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Fotouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Innovation, Design, and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, 721 23 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-0784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Innovation, Design, and Engineering, M\u00e4lardalen University, 721 23 V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022921623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.900656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"11","first_page":"3231","last_page":"3231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search","display_name":"Cuckoo search","score":0.9294071793556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo","display_name":"Cuckoo","score":0.8225117921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6886835694313049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.5795093774795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5485749840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.45642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.44900450110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4140874147415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3397033214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24700915813446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22557872533798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12564465403556824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.9294071793556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776810535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26381","display_name":"Cuckoo","level":2,"score":0.8225117921829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6886835694313049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.5795093774795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5485749840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.45642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.44900450110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4140874147415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3397033214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24700915813446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22557872533798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12564465403556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3231/pdf?version=1591429025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32517170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7308869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7308869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e06705bb97e84fd3ab56469c8b04bef5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e06705bb97e84fd3ab56469c8b04bef5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 11, p 3231 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/11/3231/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20113231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20113231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/11/3231/pdf?version=1591429025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034066988.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178795275","https://openalex.org/W1512222363","https://openalex.org/W1970204203","https://openalex.org/W1974486805","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2013958607","https://openalex.org/W2036369155","https://openalex.org/W2042810301","https://openalex.org/W2049950845","https://openalex.org/W2058987629","https://openalex.org/W2060738961","https://openalex.org/W2063243432","https://openalex.org/W2067156473","https://openalex.org/W2118734179","https://openalex.org/W2125560635","https://openalex.org/W2136835942","https://openalex.org/W2137359765","https://openalex.org/W2150794496","https://openalex.org/W2151075043","https://openalex.org/W2169233479","https://openalex.org/W2185922030","https://openalex.org/W2242747237","https://openalex.org/W2283491698","https://openalex.org/W2375671333","https://openalex.org/W2524165815","https://openalex.org/W2556821650","https://openalex.org/W2575809496","https://openalex.org/W2580814039","https://openalex.org/W2741342351","https://openalex.org/W2748967244","https://openalex.org/W2786971104","https://openalex.org/W2808039075","https://openalex.org/W2810034754","https://openalex.org/W2885731918","https://openalex.org/W2896858752","https://openalex.org/W2904328209","https://openalex.org/W2910816003","https://openalex.org/W2918268015","https://openalex.org/W2944252946","https://openalex.org/W2946274726","https://openalex.org/W2954640226","https://openalex.org/W2965197740","https://openalex.org/W2968533953","https://openalex.org/W2973072510","https://openalex.org/W2982379335","https://openalex.org/W2996506955","https://openalex.org/W3021939938","https://openalex.org/W3101288326","https://openalex.org/W4211157715","https://openalex.org/W4311657430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183935101","https://openalex.org/W3004779303","https://openalex.org/W2765530022","https://openalex.org/W4309048563","https://openalex.org/W2755443890","https://openalex.org/W2980152930","https://openalex.org/W2780013245","https://openalex.org/W25690811","https://openalex.org/W164326178","https://openalex.org/W2607258344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,38,46,77,110,172],"reliability":[2],"and":[3,142,154,169,174],"performance":[4,41,126,161],"considerations,":[5],"employing":[6,24],"multiple":[7,25],"software-defined":[8],"networking":[9],"(SDN)":[10],"controllers":[11,26,37,170],"is":[12,58,100],"known":[13],"as":[14,72],"a":[15,43,59,101,133,197],"promising":[16],"technique":[17],"in":[18,156,196],"Wireless":[19],"Sensor":[20],"Networks":[21],"(WSNs).":[22],"Nevertheless,":[23],"increases":[27],"the":[28,40,47,55,79,84,95,112,125,159,164],"inter-controller":[29],"synchronization":[30,56],"overhead.":[31],"Therefore,":[32],"optimal":[33],"placement":[34],"of":[35,42,50,87,119,127,135,158],"SDN":[36],"optimize":[39],"WSN,":[44],"subject":[45],"maximum":[48],"number":[49],"controllers,":[51],"determined":[52],"based":[53,93],"on":[54,94],"overhead,":[57],"challenging":[60],"research":[61,70],"problem.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64,69],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,82,129],"first":[67],"formulate":[68],"problem":[71],"an":[73],"optimization":[74,80,97],"problem,":[75,81],"then":[76],"address":[78],"propose":[83],"Cuckoo":[85,96],"Placement":[86],"Controllers":[88],"(Cuckoo-PC)":[89],"algorithm.":[90],"Cuckoo-PC":[91,150,187],"works":[92],"algorithm":[98,103,108],"which":[99],"meta-heuristic":[102],"inspired":[104],"by":[105,115,162],"nature.":[106],"This":[107],"seeks":[109],"find":[111],"global":[113],"optimum":[114],"imitating":[116],"brood":[117],"parasitism":[118],"some":[120],"cuckoo":[121],"species.":[122],"To":[123],"evaluate":[124],"Cuckoo-PC,":[128],"compare":[130],"it":[131],"against":[132,180],"couple":[134],"state-of-the-art":[136],"methods,":[137],"namely":[138],"Simulated":[139],"Annealing":[140,144],"(SA)":[141],"Quantum":[143],"(QA).":[145],"The":[146],"experiments":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"that":[149,186],"outperforms":[151],"both":[152],"SA":[153],"QA":[155],"terms":[157],"network":[160],"lowering":[163],"average":[165],"distance":[166],"between":[167],"sensors":[168],"up":[171],"13%":[173],"9%,":[175],"respectively.":[176],"Comparing":[177],"our":[178],"method":[179],"Integer":[181],"Linear":[182],"Programming":[183],"(ILP)":[184],"reveals":[185],"achieves":[188],"approximately":[189],"similar":[190],"results":[191],"(less":[192],"than":[193],"1%":[194],"deviation)":[195],"noticeably":[198],"shorter":[199],"time.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}