{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3027424302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","title":"Global-and-Local Context Network for Semantic Segmentation of Street View Images","display_name":"Global-and-Local Context Network for Semantic Segmentation of Street View Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3027424302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","mag":"3027424302","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32455537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2907/pdf?version=1590042313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2907/pdf?version=1590042313","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087964642","display_name":"Chih\u2010Yang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-8473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108712943","display_name":"Yi-Cheng Chiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Cheng Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009152648","display_name":"Hui\u2010Fuang Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-2770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Fuang Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-2770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081089928","display_name":"Timothy K. Shih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4154-4752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy K. Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067249394","display_name":"Kuan\u2010Hung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-1797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Hung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science &amp; Information Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009152648","https://openalex.org/A5081089928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921","https://openalex.org/I931681460"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8636,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87857261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"2907","last_page":"2907"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.8255056142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7723076939582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6892363429069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6671912670135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5744283199310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5110296010971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4855658710002899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4802680015563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46981149911880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39577189087867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13888302445411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1103220283985138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.8255056142807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7723076939582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6892363429069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6671912670135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5744283199310303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5291376709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5110296010971069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4855658710002899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4802680015563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46981149911880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39577189087867737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13888302445411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1103220283985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2907/pdf?version=1590042313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32455537","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32455537","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c4c8ee9535d44d3fb2a7651108016881","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c4c8ee9535d44d3fb2a7651108016881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 10, p 2907 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/10/2907/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7284965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7284965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102907","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2907/pdf?version=1590042313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027424302.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027424302.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2158865742","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2286929393","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2592939477","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2789983685","https://openalex.org/W2799213142","https://openalex.org/W2800452261","https://openalex.org/W2802271675","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890782586","https://openalex.org/W2912061451","https://openalex.org/W2946081696","https://openalex.org/W2948875532","https://openalex.org/W2951559372","https://openalex.org/W2952637581","https://openalex.org/W2953139137","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2955813853","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2971014764"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379231730","https://openalex.org/W4389858081","https://openalex.org/W3147584709","https://openalex.org/W4324315429","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W2501551404","https://openalex.org/W4385583601","https://openalex.org/W4366829857","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Semantic":[0],"segmentation":[1,46,101,113],"of":[2],"street":[3],"view":[4],"images":[5],"is":[6,41,107],"an":[7],"important":[8],"step":[9],"in":[10,23,44,60,96],"scene":[11],"understanding":[12],"for":[13],"autonomous":[14],"vehicle":[15],"systems.":[16],"Recent":[17],"works":[18],"have":[19],"made":[20],"significant":[21],"progress":[22],"pixel-level":[24],"labeling":[25],"using":[26,115],"Fully":[27],"Convolutional":[28],"Network":[29],"(FCN)":[30],"framework":[31],"and":[32,56,84],"local":[33,57,86],"multi-scale":[34,87],"context":[35,39,88],"information.":[36],"Rich":[37],"global":[38,55,81],"information":[40,59,83,89],"also":[42],"essential":[43],"the":[45,92,112,119,134],"process.":[47],"However,":[48],"a":[49,61,74,97],"systematic":[50],"way":[51],"to":[52,90,109],"utilize":[53],"both":[54],"contextual":[58],"single":[62],"network":[63,76],"has":[64],"not":[65],"been":[66],"fully":[67],"investigated.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"global-and-local":[75],"architecture":[77],"(GLNet)":[78],"which":[79],"incorporates":[80],"spatial":[82],"dense":[85],"model":[91],"relationship":[93],"between":[94],"objects":[95],"scene,":[98],"thus":[99],"reducing":[100],"errors.":[102],"A":[103],"channel":[104],"attention":[105],"module":[106],"designed":[108],"further":[110],"refine":[111],"results":[114,123],"low-level":[116],"features":[117],"from":[118],"feature":[120],"map.":[121],"Experimental":[122],"demonstrate":[124],"that":[125],"our":[126],"proposed":[127],"GLNet":[128],"achieves":[129],"80.8%":[130],"test":[131,136],"accuracy":[132],"on":[133],"Cityscapes":[135],"dataset,":[137],"comparing":[138],"favorably":[139],"with":[140],"existing":[141],"state-of-the-art":[142],"methods.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
