{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3026849551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","title":"Extremely Robust Remote-Target Detection Based on Carbon Dioxide-Double Spikes in Midwave Spectral Imaging","display_name":"Extremely Robust Remote-Target Detection Based on Carbon Dioxide-Double Spikes in Midwave Spectral Imaging","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3026849551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","mag":"3026849551","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2896/pdf?version=1589982200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2896/pdf?version=1589982200","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100619134","display_name":"Sungho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5401-2459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5401-2459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sungho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5401-2459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sungho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5401-2459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012039044","display_name":"Jungsub Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8573-1168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungsub Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006220725","display_name":"Joonmo Ahn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonmo Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638674","display_name":"Sun-Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sunho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638674","display_name":"Sun-Ho Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801036362","display_name":"Agency for Defense Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05fhe0r85","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunho Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100638674"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801036362","https://openalex.org/I55240360"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.83,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96888014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"2896","last_page":"2896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.6831726431846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6447263956069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plume","display_name":"Plume","score":0.5111220479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.49009788036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44602787494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4428376853466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27423596382141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22724688053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18772312998771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.1476815640926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.11522749066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08721822500228882}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.6831726431846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6447263956069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5407999753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775840915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817528","display_name":"Plume","level":2,"score":0.5111220479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.49009788036346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44602787494659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4428376853466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27423596382141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22724688053131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18772312998771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.1476815640926361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.11522749066352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08721822500228882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2896/pdf?version=1589982200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32443804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b1fd55e802584df0af2829c26fcfa458","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b1fd55e802584df0af2829c26fcfa458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 10, p 2896 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/10/2896/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7284358","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7284358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102896","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2896/pdf?version=1589982200","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2758912195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1D1A3B07049069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321380","funder_display_name":"Yeungnam University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4843151610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UE191095FD","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317121","funder_display_name":"Anti Doping Danmark"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6332235554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1D1A3B07049069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8273403325","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2018R1D1A3B07049069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316581","funder_display_name":"National Research Fund, Kenya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316581","display_name":"National Research Fund, Kenya","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317121","display_name":"Anti Doping Danmark","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321380","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026849551.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026849551.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963969078","https://openalex.org/W1973221104","https://openalex.org/W1973315646","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2000803535","https://openalex.org/W2004186728","https://openalex.org/W2005702754","https://openalex.org/W2013768641","https://openalex.org/W2016800327","https://openalex.org/W2018870862","https://openalex.org/W2020010466","https://openalex.org/W2026630022","https://openalex.org/W2035545786","https://openalex.org/W2041771564","https://openalex.org/W2044338621","https://openalex.org/W2048662727","https://openalex.org/W2052116126","https://openalex.org/W2053156771","https://openalex.org/W2063671844","https://openalex.org/W2066468002","https://openalex.org/W2080372884","https://openalex.org/W2083288640","https://openalex.org/W2083960532","https://openalex.org/W2086759476","https://openalex.org/W2093360857","https://openalex.org/W2110255454","https://openalex.org/W2135793794","https://openalex.org/W2153400938","https://openalex.org/W2162325511","https://openalex.org/W2163969520","https://openalex.org/W2166691113","https://openalex.org/W2345729538","https://openalex.org/W2596326966","https://openalex.org/W2747165560","https://openalex.org/W2753009659","https://openalex.org/W2766649508","https://openalex.org/W2774646044","https://openalex.org/W2787225897","https://openalex.org/W2904480641","https://openalex.org/W2955454611","https://openalex.org/W2970727775","https://openalex.org/W2972567534","https://openalex.org/W2998650468","https://openalex.org/W3009929949","https://openalex.org/W3153131137","https://openalex.org/W4254835539","https://openalex.org/W6650902046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W2015942778","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W2026298489","https://openalex.org/W2070318884","https://openalex.org/W2011939812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"ship-target":[1,175],"detection":[2,47,110],"for":[3],"sea":[4,21,166],"surveillance":[5],"from":[6],"the":[7,58,127,148,169,173],"coast":[8],"is":[9,55,67,72,111],"very":[10],"challenging":[11],"because":[12],"of":[13,99,102,108,119,131,151,172],"strong":[14],"background":[15,124],"clutter,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"cloud":[19],"and":[20,91,138],"glint.":[22],"Conventional":[23],"approaches":[24],"utilize":[25],"either":[26],"spatial":[27],"or":[28],"temporal":[29],"information":[30],"to":[31],"reduce":[32],"false":[33,120],"positives.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"proposes":[37],"a":[38,62,132,164],"completely":[39],"different":[40,152],"approach,":[41],"called":[42],"carbon":[43],"dioxide-double":[44],"spike":[45,130],"(CO2-DS)":[46],"in":[48,147,163],"midwave":[49,158],"spectral":[50,59,153],"imaging.":[51],"The":[52,104],"proposed":[53,174],"CO2-DS":[54,109],"based":[56],"on":[57],"feature":[60],"where":[61],"hot":[63,128],"CO2":[64,89,129,144],"emission":[65],"band":[66],"broader":[68],"than":[69],"that":[70,112],"which":[71,78],"absorbed":[73],"by":[74,96,123],"normal":[75],"atmospheric":[76],"CO2,":[77],"generates":[79,114],"CO2-double":[80],"spikes.":[81],"A":[82],"directional-mean":[83],"subtraction":[84],"filter":[85],"(D-MSF)":[86],"detects":[87],"each":[88],"spike,":[90],"final":[92],"targets":[93],"are":[94,141],"detected":[95],"joint":[97],"analysis":[98],"both":[100],"types":[101],"detection.":[103,176],"most":[105],"important":[106],"property":[107],"it":[113],"an":[115],"extremely":[116],"low":[117],"number":[118],"positive":[121],"caused":[122],"clutter.":[125],"Only":[126],"ship":[133,143],"plume":[134,145],"can":[135],"penetrate":[136],"atmosphere,":[137],"furthermore,":[139],"there":[140],"only":[142],"signatures":[146],"double":[149],"spikes":[150],"bands.":[154],"Experimental":[155],"results":[156],"using":[157],"Fourier":[159],"transform":[160],"infrared":[161],"(FTIR)":[162],"remote":[165],"environment":[167],"validate":[168],"extreme":[170],"robustness":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T05:56:39.545243","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
