{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3028358230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","title":"Monitoring Wheat Growth Using a Portable Three-Band Instrument for Crop Growth Monitoring and Diagnosis","display_name":"Monitoring Wheat Growth Using a Portable Three-Band Instrument for Crop Growth Monitoring and Diagnosis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3028358230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","mag":"3028358230","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2894/pdf?version=1590372164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2894/pdf?version=1590372164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022492874","display_name":"Huaimin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-4088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaimin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089396790","display_name":"Weipan Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weipan Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045903537","display_name":"Fangrong Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangrong Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoping Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017022122","display_name":"Weixing Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-7986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixing Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434309","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-2404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-2404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103194578","display_name":"Jun Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-8735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Smart Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Information Agricultural Engineering Technology Center, Nanjing 210095, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103194578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74046665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"2894","last_page":"2894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.8733338117599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7471391558647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.6575680375099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6421883702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop","display_name":"Crop","score":0.6282975673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.5782232880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4831506609916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.44590815901756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43926623463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth","display_name":"Plant growth","score":0.41524431109428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen","display_name":"Nitrogen","score":0.41304588317871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomy","display_name":"Agronomy","score":0.3302619457244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2038516104221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1928684115409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.14904358983039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.10132947564125061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.8733338117599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7471391558647156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6575680375099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6421883702278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.6282975673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.5782232880592346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.5703999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4831506609916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.44590815901756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43926623463630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982966219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045481","display_name":"Plant growth","level":2,"score":0.41524431109428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.41304588317871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3302619457244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2038516104221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1928684115409851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.14904358983039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.10132947564125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009584","descriptor_name":"Nitrogen","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014908","descriptor_name":"Triticum","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018515","descriptor_name":"Plant Leaves","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018556","descriptor_name":"Crops, Agricultural","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2894/pdf?version=1590372164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32443796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32443796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23827a8ad62c4e678c4e56720c148fc9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23827a8ad62c4e678c4e56720c148fc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 10, p 2894 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/10/2894/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7285128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7285128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20102894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/10/2894/pdf?version=1590372164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003831499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0201501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G210255975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31871524","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2384371692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3035404857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2017YFD0201501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4221674804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0201501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G454396925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. XYDXX-049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4887435525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2017385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5229833608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XYDXX-049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","funder_display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7591972471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7597449750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 31871524","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G825641221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111 Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992432760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFD0201501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","funder_display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326182","display_name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028358230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028358230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W777757375","https://openalex.org/W1485678107","https://openalex.org/W1518917059","https://openalex.org/W1895491109","https://openalex.org/W1973845906","https://openalex.org/W1991230437","https://openalex.org/W1991638112","https://openalex.org/W1992833595","https://openalex.org/W1996005521","https://openalex.org/W1997471494","https://openalex.org/W2002610435","https://openalex.org/W2019967662","https://openalex.org/W2021984916","https://openalex.org/W2043058103","https://openalex.org/W2044292964","https://openalex.org/W2047883466","https://openalex.org/W2061063014","https://openalex.org/W2064417027","https://openalex.org/W2066724429","https://openalex.org/W2067528756","https://openalex.org/W2070047344","https://openalex.org/W2071915122","https://openalex.org/W2072254696","https://openalex.org/W2081728108","https://openalex.org/W2089464686","https://openalex.org/W2096496607","https://openalex.org/W2115436074","https://openalex.org/W2117333625","https://openalex.org/W2129719999","https://openalex.org/W2139925058","https://openalex.org/W2145830077","https://openalex.org/W2153243519","https://openalex.org/W2161862813","https://openalex.org/W2167869331","https://openalex.org/W2176140983","https://openalex.org/W2290793889","https://openalex.org/W2348454054","https://openalex.org/W2352418839","https://openalex.org/W2356000995","https://openalex.org/W2358691356","https://openalex.org/W2366491588","https://openalex.org/W2384260423","https://openalex.org/W2393139469","https://openalex.org/W2406671017","https://openalex.org/W2758963112","https://openalex.org/W2759296677","https://openalex.org/W2890642333","https://openalex.org/W2910134965","https://openalex.org/W2920793151","https://openalex.org/W6643605284","https://openalex.org/W6655838938","https://openalex.org/W6665421014","https://openalex.org/W6706264537","https://openalex.org/W6706634102","https://openalex.org/W7056401335"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204926808","https://openalex.org/W4377008735","https://openalex.org/W3207384893","https://openalex.org/W3207046288","https://openalex.org/W4283156607","https://openalex.org/W4392171913","https://openalex.org/W2374167006","https://openalex.org/W4214921029","https://openalex.org/W4313432081","https://openalex.org/W4285330809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"instrument":[1,64,134,142],"developed":[2,60],"to":[3,92,157,170,202,238,262,273],"monitor":[4],"and":[5,11,24,39,49,68,112,114,119,131,139,183,194,206,212,215,228,248,285,293,296,307],"diagnose":[6],"crop":[7,14,21,36,47],"growth":[8,15,37,48,54,89,159,275,302],"can":[9],"quickly":[10],"non-destructively":[12],"obtain":[13],"information,":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18],"helpful":[19],"for":[20,35,65,146,317],"field":[22,322],"production":[23],"management.":[25],"Focusing":[26,250],"on":[27,46,79,86],"the":[28,93,98,125,132,140,148,158,161,165,234,242,251,264,274,279,297,318],"problems":[29],"with":[30,287],"existing":[31],"two-band":[32,107],"instruments":[33],"used":[34,145,316],"monitoring":[38,67,87,147,243,267],"diagnosis,":[40],"such":[41],"as":[42],"insufficient":[43],"information":[44],"available":[45],"low":[50],"accuracy":[51,281],"of":[52,76,124,233,245,253,282,290,300,320],"some":[53],"indices":[55,100,109,117,127,168,303],"retrieval,":[56],"our":[57],"research":[58],"team":[59],"a":[61,73,260],"portable":[62],"three-band":[63,95,115],"crop-growth":[66],"diagnosis":[69],"(CGMD)":[70],"that":[71,164,269],"obtains":[72],"larger":[74],"amount":[75],"information.":[77],"Based":[78],"CGMD,":[80],"this":[81,257],"paper":[82,258],"carried":[83],"out":[84],"studies":[85],"wheat":[88,246,321],"indices.":[90,151],"According":[91],"acquired":[94],"reflectance":[96],"spectra,":[97],"combined":[99],"were":[101,188,208,224,270,304],"constructed":[102],"by":[103,129],"combining":[104],"different":[105],"bands,":[106],"vegetation":[108,116,126,150,155,167,254],"(NDVI,":[110],"RVI,":[111],"DVI),":[113],"(TVI-1":[118],"TVI-2).":[120],"The":[121,231,310],"fitting":[122,153],"results":[123,162,244],"obtained":[128],"CGMD":[130,239],"commercial":[133],"FieldSpec":[135],"HandHeld2":[136],"was":[137],"high":[138],"new":[141],"could":[143,314],"be":[144,315],"canopy":[149],"By":[152],"each":[154],"index":[156,173,255],"index,":[160],"showed":[163],"optimal":[166],"corresponding":[169,201],"leaf":[171,175,179,184],"area":[172],"(LAI),":[174],"dry":[176],"weight":[177],"(LDW),":[178],"nitrogen":[180,185],"content":[181],"(LNC),":[182],"accumulation":[186],"(LNA)":[187],"TVI-2,":[189],"TVI-1,":[190],"NDVI":[191,195],"(R730,":[192,196],"R815),":[193,197],"respectively.":[198,230,309],"R2":[199,288],"values":[200,223,289,299],"LAI,":[203,283],"LDW,":[204,284],"LNC":[205],"LNA":[207],"0.64,":[209],"0.84,":[210],"0.60,":[211],"0.82,":[213],"respectively,":[214,295],"their":[216],"relative":[217],"root":[218],"mean":[219],"square":[220],"error":[221],"(RRMSE)":[222],"0.29,":[225],"0.26,":[226],"0.17,":[227],"0.30,":[229],"addition":[232],"red":[235],"spectral":[236,266],"band":[237],"effectively":[240],"improved":[241,278],"LAI":[247],"LDW.":[249],"problem":[252],"saturation,":[256],"proposed":[259,312],"method":[261,311],"construct":[263],"wheat-growth-index":[265],"models":[268],"defined":[271],"according":[272],"periods.":[276],"It":[277],"prediction":[280],"LNA,":[286],"0.79,":[291],"0.85,":[292,294],"RRMSE":[298],"these":[301],"0.22,":[305],"0.23,":[306],"0.28,":[308],"here":[313],"guidance":[319],"cultivation.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}