{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022221894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","title":"Accurate and Robust Floor Positioning in Complex Indoor Environments","display_name":"Accurate and Robust Floor Positioning in Complex Indoor Environments","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022221894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","mag":"3022221894","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32397404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20092698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2698/pdf?version=1589263313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2698/pdf?version=1589263313","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060850528","display_name":"Jingyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-2520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-2520","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052635380","display_name":"Haiyong Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-4225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiyong Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 200190, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-4225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Device, Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 200190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070017274","display_name":"Wenhua Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-9981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-9981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329778","display_name":"Fang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103118884","display_name":"Shuo Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0293-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052635380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.4642,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81034025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"9","first_page":"2698","last_page":"2698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7343870997428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6740381121635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.49875974655151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.48642587661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38841503858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38527417182922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.37365955114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19660484790802002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7343870997428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6740381121635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.49875974655151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.48642587661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38841503858566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38527417182922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.37365955114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19660484790802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20092698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2698/pdf?version=1589263313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32397404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32397404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6df25ba49e8b4c769422751f257d377b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6df25ba49e8b4c769422751f257d377b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 9, p 2698 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/9/2698/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7249035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7249035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20092698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092698","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/9/2698/pdf?version=1589263313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1776627184","display_name":"\u5927\u578b\u57ce\u533a\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u5ba4\u5185\u5916\u65e0\u7f1d\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2361286530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019XD-A06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2788962321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0505200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3871987228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19210404D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6073400946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0505200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6897331563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019PTB-011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8112887106","display_name":"\u7164\u77ff\u4e95\u4e0b\u94fe\u72b6\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61761038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8780678193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L192004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","funder_display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8983418477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022221894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022221894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100103431","https://openalex.org/W1517449954","https://openalex.org/W1985194829","https://openalex.org/W1991133427","https://openalex.org/W1991898702","https://openalex.org/W2001723091","https://openalex.org/W2013849060","https://openalex.org/W2040745921","https://openalex.org/W2047391843","https://openalex.org/W2051522979","https://openalex.org/W2056818180","https://openalex.org/W2090318847","https://openalex.org/W2100773074","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2102078465","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2120659641","https://openalex.org/W2142216726","https://openalex.org/W2165336370","https://openalex.org/W2172996616","https://openalex.org/W2248142483","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2350897563","https://openalex.org/W2488359789","https://openalex.org/W2524455649","https://openalex.org/W2605592668","https://openalex.org/W2769124338","https://openalex.org/W2810891502","https://openalex.org/W2902571324","https://openalex.org/W2921149917","https://openalex.org/W2935767876","https://openalex.org/W2962863167","https://openalex.org/W2969950063","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W4242488844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2171782134","https://openalex.org/W2755401669","https://openalex.org/W2373655383","https://openalex.org/W2226364097","https://openalex.org/W2376506503","https://openalex.org/W2552390423","https://openalex.org/W4235558725","https://openalex.org/W2295914752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,43,63,92,98,107],"widespread":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,35,67],"location-based":[5],"services,":[6],"demand":[8],"for":[9,24],"accurate":[10,74],"indoor":[11,25],"positioning":[12,26,48,88,96,102],"is":[13,30],"getting":[14],"more":[15,17],"and":[16,70,75,106],"urgent.":[18],"Floor":[19],"positioning,":[20,42],"as":[21],"a":[22,85],"prerequisite":[23],"in":[27,49,79],"multi-story":[28,51,81],"buildings,":[29,82],"particularly":[31],"important.":[32],"Though":[33],"lots":[34],"work":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"done":[39],"on":[40,46],"floor":[41,47,77,87,95,101,129],"existing":[44],"studies":[45],"complex":[50,80],"buildings":[52],"with":[53,104],"large":[54],"hollow":[55],"areas":[56],"through":[57],"multiple":[58],"floors":[59],"still":[60],"cannot":[61],"meet":[62],"application":[64],"requirements":[65],"because":[66],"low":[68],"accuracy":[69],"robustness.":[71],"To":[72],"obtain":[73],"robust":[76],"estimation":[78,130],"we":[83],"propose":[84],"novel":[86],"method,":[89],"which":[90,125],"combines":[91],"Wi-Fi":[93],"based":[94,109],"(BWFP),":[97],"barometric":[99],"pressure-based":[100],"(BPFP)":[103],"HMM":[105],"XGBoost":[108],"user":[110],"motion":[111],"detection.":[112],"Extensive":[113],"experiments":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116],"using":[117],"our":[118],"proposed":[119],"method":[120],"can":[121],"achieve":[122],"99.2%":[123],"accuracy,":[124],"outperforms":[126],"other":[127],"state-of-the-art":[128],"methods.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}