{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018049995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","title":"KickStat: A Coin-Sized Potentiostat for High-Resolution Electrochemical Analysis","display_name":"KickStat: A Coin-Sized Potentiostat for High-Resolution Electrochemical Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018049995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","mag":"3018049995","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2407/pdf?version=1587646104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2407/pdf?version=1587646104","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028427269","display_name":"Orlando S. Hoilett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orlando S. Hoilett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9091-349X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046508872","display_name":"Jenna F. Walker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenna F. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072949652","display_name":"Bethany M. Balash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bethany M. Balash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057105566","display_name":"Nicholas J. Jaras","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas J. Jaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007479920","display_name":"Sriram Boppana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sriram Boppana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-3455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053899113","display_name":"Jacqueline C. Linnes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline C. Linnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-0908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053899113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":88,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97262709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"2407","last_page":"2407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10660","display_name":"Conducting polymers and applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potentiostat","display_name":"Potentiostat","score":0.9848780632019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry","display_name":"Electrochemistry","score":0.536564290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.5309953689575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39923715591430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35763657093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.3337936997413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3296723961830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.32328498363494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3140020966529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.268718957901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.21025055646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0811200737953186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779995598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629290","display_name":"Potentiostat","level":4,"score":0.9848780632019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.536564290523529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5309953689575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39923715591430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35763657093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3337936997413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3296723961830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.32328498363494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3140020966529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.268718957901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.21025055646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0811200737953186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2407/pdf?version=1587646104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32340294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32340294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f2258fa342c4289b64f973a89bbece4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f2258fa342c4289b64f973a89bbece4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 8, p 2407 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/8/2407/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7219484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7219484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2407/pdf?version=1587646104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G642183264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309520","display_name":"Ralph W. and Grace M. Showalter Research Trust Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3018049995.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317215363","https://openalex.org/W1488060318","https://openalex.org/W1868251798","https://openalex.org/W1969898966","https://openalex.org/W2003547631","https://openalex.org/W2030668479","https://openalex.org/W2048479060","https://openalex.org/W2055729674","https://openalex.org/W2067345468","https://openalex.org/W2079026833","https://openalex.org/W2081021969","https://openalex.org/W2081737898","https://openalex.org/W2091762673","https://openalex.org/W2144506268","https://openalex.org/W2148217193","https://openalex.org/W2266175888","https://openalex.org/W2344505638","https://openalex.org/W2442661539","https://openalex.org/W2475292059","https://openalex.org/W2475697293","https://openalex.org/W2507677823","https://openalex.org/W2567786944","https://openalex.org/W2748588516","https://openalex.org/W2768238572","https://openalex.org/W2799735367","https://openalex.org/W2808255855","https://openalex.org/W2883994680","https://openalex.org/W2912989785","https://openalex.org/W2956794080","https://openalex.org/W4240099929","https://openalex.org/W4300311925","https://openalex.org/W6651366289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051207682","https://openalex.org/W4319875893","https://openalex.org/W1986208677","https://openalex.org/W2757875722","https://openalex.org/W2507258476","https://openalex.org/W2332573254","https://openalex.org/W1990231321","https://openalex.org/W2096951988","https://openalex.org/W2936481742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"demand":[1],"for":[2,138],"wearable":[3],"and":[4,119,158,162,188],"point-of-care":[5],"devices":[6],"has":[7],"led":[8],"to":[9,16,26,31],"an":[10,18,120,152,192],"increase":[11],"in":[12,128,179,191],"electrochemical":[13,140,180],"sensor":[14],"development":[15,36],"measure":[17],"ever-increasing":[19],"array":[20],"of":[21,37,44,66,83,123,125,151,170],"biological":[22],"molecules.":[23],"In":[24],"order":[25],"move":[27],"from":[28],"the":[29,35,63,67,80,84,110,148],"benchtop":[30,173],"truly":[32],"portable":[33],"devices,":[34],"new":[38],"biosensors":[39,181],"requires":[40],"miniaturized":[41,59],"instrumentation":[42],"capable":[43],"making":[45],"highly":[46],"sensitive":[47],"amperometric":[48],"measurements.":[49],"To":[50,175],"meet":[51],"this":[52],"demand,":[53],"we":[54,112,183],"have":[55,184],"developed":[56],"KickStat,":[57],"a":[58,95,129,171],"potentiostat":[60,72],"that":[61,164],"combines":[62],"small":[64],"size":[65],"integrated":[68],"Texas":[69],"Instruments":[70],"LMP91000":[71],"chip":[73],"(Texas":[74],"Instruments,":[75],"Dallas,":[76],"TX,":[77],"USA)":[78,93],"with":[79],"processing":[81,108],"power":[82],"ARM":[85],"Cortex-M0+":[86],"SAMD21":[87],"microcontroller":[88],"(Microchip":[89],"Technology,":[90],"Chandler,":[91],"AZ,":[92],"on":[94],"custom-designed":[96],"21.6":[97],"mm":[98,101],"by":[99],"20.3":[100],"circuit":[102],"board.":[103],"By":[104],"incorporating":[105],"onboard":[106],"signal":[107],"via":[109],"SAMD21,":[111],"achieve":[113],"1":[114],"mV":[115],"voltage":[116],"increment":[117],"resolution":[118],"instrumental":[121],"limit":[122],"detection":[124],"4.5":[126],"nA":[127],"coin-sized":[130],"form":[131],"factor.":[132],"This":[133],"elegant":[134],"engineering":[135],"solution":[136],"allows":[137],"high-resolution":[139],"analysis":[141],"without":[142],"requiring":[143],"extensive":[144],"circuitry.":[145],"We":[146],"measured":[147],"faradaic":[149],"current":[150],"anti-cocaine":[153],"aptamer":[154],"using":[155],"cyclic":[156],"voltammetry":[157,161],"square":[159],"wave":[160],"demonstrated":[163],"KickStat's":[165,186],"response":[166],"was":[167],"within":[168],"0.6%":[169],"high-end":[172],"potentiostat.":[174],"further":[176],"support":[177],"others":[178],"development,":[182],"made":[185],"design":[187],"firmware":[189],"available":[190],"online":[193],"GitHub":[194],"repository.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
