{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016913347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","title":"Improved Bluetooth Low Energy Sensor Detection for Indoor Localization Services","display_name":"Improved Bluetooth Low Energy Sensor Detection for Indoor Localization Services","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016913347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","mag":"3016913347","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32325996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2336/pdf?version=1587377923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2336/pdf?version=1587377923","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256802","display_name":"Maja Pu\u0161nik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0087-1044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maja Pu\u0161nik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060138305","display_name":"Mitja Galun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitja Galun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foreach Solutions, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foreach Solutions, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033308008","display_name":"Bo\u0161tjan \u0160umak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5535-3477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37696226","display_name":"University of Maribor","ror":"https://ror.org/01d5jce07","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo\u0161tjan \u0160umak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033308008","https://openalex.org/A5082256802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37696226"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.2788,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88501191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"2336","last_page":"2336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth-low-energy","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","score":0.7737652063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6964559555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.6920305490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6665204763412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.6560662984848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5760263800621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5211472511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4813002645969391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4439373016357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.41085001826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41047078371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3693528473377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3664374053478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25244343280792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14211735129356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08880245685577393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776418194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638779","display_name":"Bluetooth Low Energy","level":4,"score":0.7737652063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6964559555053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.6920305490493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6665204763412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.6560662984848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5760263800621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5211472511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4813002645969391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4439373016357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.41085001826286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41047078371047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3693528473377228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3664374053478241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25244343280792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14211735129356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08880245685577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2336/pdf?version=1587377923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32325996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32325996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1b05f1ac9730485696c5803f10ef25c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1b05f1ac9730485696c5803f10ef25c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 8, p 2336 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/8/2336/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7219260","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7219260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2336/pdf?version=1587377923","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W886485206","https://openalex.org/W1747229408","https://openalex.org/W1971130353","https://openalex.org/W2016160677","https://openalex.org/W2024669213","https://openalex.org/W2025449649","https://openalex.org/W2061016554","https://openalex.org/W2130403046","https://openalex.org/W2302017551","https://openalex.org/W2343107556","https://openalex.org/W2470447572","https://openalex.org/W2491773623","https://openalex.org/W2509692725","https://openalex.org/W2553082141","https://openalex.org/W2572479129","https://openalex.org/W2573814284","https://openalex.org/W2579348766","https://openalex.org/W2594869629","https://openalex.org/W2600069438","https://openalex.org/W2606067159","https://openalex.org/W2607230990","https://openalex.org/W2608226928","https://openalex.org/W2611165103","https://openalex.org/W2615986818","https://openalex.org/W2620987706","https://openalex.org/W2623158358","https://openalex.org/W2738717093","https://openalex.org/W2765095969","https://openalex.org/W2770715484","https://openalex.org/W2779673798","https://openalex.org/W2793192375","https://openalex.org/W2799718158","https://openalex.org/W2801853815","https://openalex.org/W2805420188","https://openalex.org/W2807850498","https://openalex.org/W2808184539","https://openalex.org/W2889526077","https://openalex.org/W2899113465","https://openalex.org/W2900436735","https://openalex.org/W2900811845","https://openalex.org/W2910064791","https://openalex.org/W2912761558","https://openalex.org/W2944307380","https://openalex.org/W2944581723","https://openalex.org/W2968250721","https://openalex.org/W2980544271","https://openalex.org/W2990590023","https://openalex.org/W3011891902","https://openalex.org/W3099019051","https://openalex.org/W3123946103","https://openalex.org/W4243021946","https://openalex.org/W6731844899","https://openalex.org/W6731939080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313213593","https://openalex.org/W2518860590","https://openalex.org/W2026217228","https://openalex.org/W2768262025","https://openalex.org/W4245169021","https://openalex.org/W2745286315","https://openalex.org/W1566557084","https://openalex.org/W2944014587","https://openalex.org/W2905593875","https://openalex.org/W3136975152"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advancements":[0],"in":[1,23,32,37,103,116,132,142,151,156,170,197,207],"protocols,":[2],"computing":[3],"paradigms,":[4],"and":[5,62,98,112,155,199],"electronics":[6],"have":[7],"enabled":[8],"the":[9,28,35,72,76,85,109,125,137,152,157,162,166,171,190,202],"development":[10,86],"of":[11,27,66,87,127,146,179,183,194],"wireless":[12],"sensor":[13,40],"networks":[14],"(WSNs)":[15],"with":[16,39,120,173,214],"high":[17,177],"potential":[18],"for":[19,74,92,189,200,204],"various":[20],"location-based":[21,209],"applications":[22,91,210],"different":[24],"fields.":[25],"One":[26],"most":[29],"important":[30],"topics":[31],"WSNs":[33],"is":[34],"localization":[36,54],"environments":[38,172],"nodes":[41],"being":[42],"scattered":[43],"randomly":[44],"over":[45],"a":[46,117,133,174],"region.":[47],"Localization":[48],"techniques":[49],"are":[50],"often":[51],"challenged":[52],"by":[53],"latency,":[55],"efficient":[56,89],"energy":[57],"consumption,":[58],"accuracy,":[59],"environmental":[60,122],"factors,":[61],"others.":[63],"The":[64,100,144,181],"objective":[65],"this":[67,104,184],"study":[68,105,185],"was":[69,106,114],"to":[70],"improve":[71],"technique":[73,101],"detecting":[75,205],"nearest":[77],"Bluetooth":[78],"Low":[79],"Energy":[80],"sensor,":[81],"which":[82],"would":[83],"enable":[84],"more":[88,191],"mobile":[90,208],"location":[93],"advertising":[94],"at":[95,136,140],"fairs,":[96],"exhibitions,":[97],"museums.":[99],"proposed":[102,163],"based":[107,217],"on":[108,218],"iBeacon":[110],"protocol,":[111],"it":[113],"tested":[115],"controlled":[118,153],"room":[119,154],"three":[121],"settings":[123],"regarding":[124],"density":[126],"obstacles,":[128],"as":[129,131],"well":[130],"real-world":[134,158],"setting":[135],"Expo":[138],"Museum":[139],"Postojna":[141],"Slovenia.":[143],"results":[145,182],"several":[147],"independent":[148],"measures,":[149],"conducted":[150],"environment,":[159],"showed":[160],"that":[161,211],"algorithm":[164],"outperformed":[165],"standard":[167],"algorithm,":[168],"especially":[169],"medium":[175],"or":[176],"densities":[178],"obstacles.":[180],"can":[186],"be":[187],"used":[188],"effective":[192],"planning":[193],"placing":[195],"beacons":[196],"space":[198],"optimizing":[201],"algorithms":[203],"transmitters":[206],"provide":[212],"users":[213],"contextual":[215],"information":[216],"their":[219],"current":[220],"location.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
