{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017142061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","title":"A Radio Environment Maps Estimation Algorithm based on the Pixel Regression Framework for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks Using Incomplete Training Data","display_name":"A Radio Environment Maps Estimation Algorithm based on the Pixel Regression Framework for Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks Using Incomplete Training Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017142061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","mag":"3017142061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32326665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2245/pdf?version=1587612626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2245/pdf?version=1587612626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101712757","display_name":"Han Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-3002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452676","display_name":"Lei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-8978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652475","display_name":"Ying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-4669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102849601","display_name":"Zunyang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3964-9862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zunyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasure College, National University of Defense Technology, Shushan District, Hefei 230037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100652475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9394,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77126954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"2245","last_page":"2245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.813198983669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlay","display_name":"Underlay","score":0.7054345607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6797341108322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5515732765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4973643124103546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4833180904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4289368689060211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4210958480834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4188269078731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3864416480064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3506999611854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32478395104408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.13958299160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12985888123512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11734819412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10615015029907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10363972187042236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.813198983669281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777679929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883709","display_name":"Underlay","level":3,"score":0.7054345607757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797341108322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5515732765197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4973643124103546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4833180904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4289368689060211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4210958480834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4188269078731537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3864416480064392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3506999611854553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32478395104408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.13958299160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12985888123512268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11734819412231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10615015029907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10363972187042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2245/pdf?version=1587612626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32326665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32326665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e4844316c414db699a68b0fa1cc9e9d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e4844316c414db699a68b0fa1cc9e9d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 8, p 2245 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/8/2245/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7218896","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7218896","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20082245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082245","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/8/2245/pdf?version=1587612626","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640676175","https://openalex.org/W1898604838","https://openalex.org/W1969642178","https://openalex.org/W1994416893","https://openalex.org/W2084026635","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2108924122","https://openalex.org/W2153620960","https://openalex.org/W2157879939","https://openalex.org/W2162876243","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2414995726","https://openalex.org/W2509733445","https://openalex.org/W2552259797","https://openalex.org/W2553535241","https://openalex.org/W2605135824","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2796408617","https://openalex.org/W2900837665","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922025705","https://openalex.org/W2947733401","https://openalex.org/W2952892149","https://openalex.org/W2963420272","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2972761424","https://openalex.org/W2980702473","https://openalex.org/W2998379392","https://openalex.org/W3099611313","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6735913928","https://openalex.org/W6749931683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255303560","https://openalex.org/W1975029702","https://openalex.org/W1943171502","https://openalex.org/W2744240346","https://openalex.org/W2077074280","https://openalex.org/W2313479459","https://openalex.org/W2769590643","https://openalex.org/W2169642774","https://openalex.org/W2532161418","https://openalex.org/W2556201531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,6,13,18,28,31,34,42,81,84,90,96,99,112,124,134,145,153,157,163,170,175,187,203,207,217],"underlay":[2,73],"cognitive":[3,74],"radio":[4,7,44,75,91,113,171,183,198],"networks,":[5],"environment":[8,45,92,114,172,184],"maps":[9,93,115,173],"(REMs)":[10],"estimation":[11,116],"is":[12,47],"main":[14],"challenge":[15],"in":[16,174,202],"sensing":[17,57],"idle":[19],"wireless":[20],"spectrum":[21,56],"resources.":[22],"Traditional":[23],"deep":[24],"learning-based":[25],"algorithms":[26],"estimate":[27],"REMs":[29,101,213],"on":[30,95],"basis":[32,97],"of":[33,54,83,98],"high-quality,":[35],"large-scale":[36],"complete":[37,43,85],"training":[38,86,136,158,189],"images.":[39,159],"However,":[40],"collecting":[41],"images":[46],"time-consuming":[48],"and":[49,88,151],"requires":[50],"a":[51,64,119,140,211],"numerous":[52],"number":[53],"power":[55],"nodes.":[58],"For":[59],"this":[60],"reason,":[61],"we":[62,110,138,161],"propose":[63],"generative":[65],"adversarial":[66],"networks-based":[67],"pixel":[68,120,165],"regression":[69,121,166],"framework":[70,167],"(PRF)":[71],"for":[72,144],"networks.":[76],"The":[77,178],"PRF":[78,146,208],"algorithm":[79,180,209],"relaxes":[80],"requirement":[82],"images,":[87,102],"estimates":[89],"only":[94],"incomplete":[100,135,188],"which":[103,148],"are":[104],"easier":[105],"to":[106,129,168],"be":[107],"collected.":[108],"First,":[109],"transform":[111],"task":[117,122],"into":[118],"through":[123],"color":[125],"mapping":[126],"progress.":[127],"Then,":[128],"extract":[130],"helpful":[131],"information":[132],"from":[133,156,186],"data,":[137],"design":[139],"feature":[141],"enhancing":[142],"module":[143],"algorithm,":[147],"intelligently":[149],"learns":[150,181],"emphasizes":[152],"important":[154],"features":[155],"Finally,":[160],"use":[162],"trained":[164],"reconstruct":[169],"target":[176],"area.":[177],"proposed":[179],"accurate":[182],"characteristics":[185],"data":[190],"rather":[191],"than":[192,216],"making":[193],"direct":[194],"biased":[195],"or":[196],"imprecise":[197],"propagation":[199],"assumptions":[200],"as":[201,220],"traditional":[204,218],"methods.":[205],"Thus,":[206],"has":[210],"better":[212],"reconstruction":[214],"performance":[215],"methods,":[219],"verified":[221],"by":[222],"simulations.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
