{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014927522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","title":"A Novel Blockchain Framework for Industrial IoT Edge Computing","display_name":"A Novel Blockchain Framework for Industrial IoT Edge Computing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014927522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","mag":"3014927522","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32272555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2061/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101680371","display_name":"Xuesong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-1273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuesong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Ecologic Environment Big Data and Intelligent Decision-Making Technology, Changsha 410205, China","Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Ecologic Environment Big Data and Intelligent Decision-Making Technology, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085349558","display_name":"Zhi Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6462-8118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008082931","display_name":"Shengjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5376-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089532713","display_name":"Hongyan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-7823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49934816","display_name":"Hunan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04j3vr751","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for New Retail Virtual Reality Technology, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101680371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49934816"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":9.5216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97907927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"2061","last_page":"2061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9636017084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7812449932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6744090914726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6273608207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.581291913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5505344271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5223773121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5195605754852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4409262239933014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.3832598328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37812691926956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24012407660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1549430787563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11763283610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.07146194577217102}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9636017084121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7812449932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6744090914726257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6273608207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.581291913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5505344271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5223773121833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5195605754852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4409262239933014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3832598328590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37812691926956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24012407660484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1549430787563324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11763283610343933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.07146194577217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32272555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32272555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:041b5b3d3f524fa9896f5e99672eb6d6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/041b5b3d3f524fa9896f5e99672eb6d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 7, p 2061 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/7/2061/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7181142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7181142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072061","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072061","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2061/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2670003630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71991463","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7484188896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71790615","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014927522.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1879433355","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2212111137","https://openalex.org/W2294018787","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2511580607","https://openalex.org/W2531399364","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2608006758","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2729396025","https://openalex.org/W2749247755","https://openalex.org/W2752575750","https://openalex.org/W2753672491","https://openalex.org/W2758039286","https://openalex.org/W2770198223","https://openalex.org/W2771747728","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2787634488","https://openalex.org/W2791307302","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2793500626","https://openalex.org/W2793610021","https://openalex.org/W2794925686","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2853713436","https://openalex.org/W2887486920","https://openalex.org/W2891086930","https://openalex.org/W2896165948","https://openalex.org/W2899354183","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2965299341","https://openalex.org/W2998129192","https://openalex.org/W2999400131","https://openalex.org/W3000116064","https://openalex.org/W3000226457","https://openalex.org/W3001393655","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W6728127007","https://openalex.org/W6746873430","https://openalex.org/W6749713961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W3016961585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,10,44,92,118,124,140,156,160],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,7,13,18,38,74,120,126,144,150],"industrial":[5],"internet":[6],"thing":[8],"(IIoT),":[9],"distributed":[11,33,45],"topology":[12],"IIoT":[14,100,167],"and":[15,29,35,68,80,95,108,122,153],"resource":[16,61,76,82],"constraints":[17],"edge":[19,54,101,168],"computing":[20,55,102],"conduct":[21],"new":[22,130],"challenges":[23],"to":[24,97,99,116,138],"traditional":[25],"data":[26],"storage,":[27],"transmission,":[28],"security":[30],"protection.":[31],"A":[32,104],"trust":[34,111],"allocated":[36],"ledger":[37],"blockchain":[39,86,121,151],"technology":[40],"are":[41],"suitable":[42],"for":[43,53],"IIoT,":[46],"which":[47],"also":[48],"becomes":[49],"an":[50],"effective":[51],"method":[52,161],"applications.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"proposes":[59],"a":[60,75,81,109,134,163],"constrained":[62,77],"Layered":[63],"Lightweight":[64],"Blockchain":[65],"Framework":[66],"(LLBF)":[67],"implementation":[69],"mechanism.":[70],"The":[71],"framework":[72],"consists":[73],"layer":[78,84],"(RCL)":[79],"extended":[83],"(REL)":[85],"used":[87],"in":[88,129,166],"IIoT.":[89],"We":[90],"redesign":[91],"block":[93],"structure":[94],"size":[96],"suit":[98],"devices.":[103],"lightweight":[105],"consensus":[106],"algorithm":[107,113],"dynamic":[110],"right":[112],"is":[114],"developed":[115],"improve":[117],"throughput":[119,136],"reduce":[123],"number":[125],"transactions":[127],"validated":[128],"blocks":[131],"respectively.":[132],"Through":[133],"high":[135],"management":[137],"guarantee":[139],"transaction":[141],"load":[142],"balance":[143],"blockchain.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"we":[147],"conducted":[148],"kinds":[149],"simulation":[152],"performance":[154,165],"experiments,":[155],"outcome":[157],"indicated":[158],"that":[159],"have":[162],"good":[164],"application.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}