{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014799966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","title":"A Hybrid SAR/ISAR Approach for Refocusing Maritime Moving Targets with the GF-3 SAR Satellite","display_name":"A Hybrid SAR/ISAR Approach for Refocusing Maritime Moving Targets with the GF-3 SAR Satellite","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014799966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","mag":"3014799966","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32260455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2037/pdf?version=1586770916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2037/pdf?version=1586770916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017377913","display_name":"Zhishuo Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhishuo Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676915","display_name":"Yi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755138","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-5826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Space Microwave Remote Sens. Systems, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100755138"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.7165,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95715279,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"2037","last_page":"2037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.9092191457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7625905275344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7302541732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-compensation","display_name":"Motion compensation","score":0.5361388325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5113648772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5034427046775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5010170936584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.41781607270240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.28646665811538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10172611474990845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.9092191457748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7625905275344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7302541732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128840427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302174","display_name":"Motion compensation","level":2,"score":0.5361388325691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5113648772239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5034427046775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5010170936584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.41781607270240784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.28646665811538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10172611474990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2037/pdf?version=1586770916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32260455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32260455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9aee6a76c8134d7a928127004ce2ebd8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9aee6a76c8134d7a928127004ce2ebd8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 7, p 2037 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/7/2037/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7180630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7180630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20072037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20072037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2037/pdf?version=1586770916","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014799966.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014799966.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1574955150","https://openalex.org/W1975886507","https://openalex.org/W1986748469","https://openalex.org/W2007850256","https://openalex.org/W2013352441","https://openalex.org/W2019780887","https://openalex.org/W2031673444","https://openalex.org/W2048659479","https://openalex.org/W2050206299","https://openalex.org/W2056666213","https://openalex.org/W2067341384","https://openalex.org/W2078186346","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2116000677","https://openalex.org/W2126226884","https://openalex.org/W2138097058","https://openalex.org/W2148525506","https://openalex.org/W2159484283","https://openalex.org/W2294064569","https://openalex.org/W2378536107","https://openalex.org/W2538720626","https://openalex.org/W2543834579","https://openalex.org/W2593943202","https://openalex.org/W2604198183","https://openalex.org/W2735789666","https://openalex.org/W2740969390","https://openalex.org/W2758780897","https://openalex.org/W2765491797","https://openalex.org/W2765498694","https://openalex.org/W2791341808","https://openalex.org/W2792978743","https://openalex.org/W2914799626","https://openalex.org/W2919369051","https://openalex.org/W2952499857","https://openalex.org/W2954505280","https://openalex.org/W2967897769","https://openalex.org/W2969488930","https://openalex.org/W2976665037","https://openalex.org/W2980343685","https://openalex.org/W2999888830","https://openalex.org/W4312036673","https://openalex.org/W6767493402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119869625","https://openalex.org/W2140944036","https://openalex.org/W2354389511","https://openalex.org/W2350566760","https://openalex.org/W2123767128","https://openalex.org/W2996630340","https://openalex.org/W2758780897","https://openalex.org/W1777074644","https://openalex.org/W2007886977","https://openalex.org/W2128890580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,61,104],"self-motion":[2],"and":[3,52,59,106,135],"sea":[4],"waves,":[5],"moving":[6,66],"ships":[7],"are":[8,47],"typically":[9],"defocused":[10],"in":[11,43,92,109,129,144],"synthetic":[12],"aperture":[13],"radar":[14],"(SAR)":[15],"images.":[16],"To":[17],"focus":[18],"non-cooperative":[19],"targets,":[20],"the":[21,54,93,95,117,150,153],"inverse":[22],"SAR":[23,45,58],"(ISAR)":[24],"technique":[25],"is":[26,120],"commonly":[27],"used":[28],"with":[29,49,125],"motion":[30],"compensation.":[31],"The":[32,114,147],"hybrid":[33,73],"SAR/ISAR":[34,74],"approach":[35,91],"allows":[36],"a":[37],"long":[38],"coherent":[39],"processing":[40,132],"interval":[41],"(CPI),":[42],"which":[44],"targets":[46],"processed":[48],"ISAR":[50,60],"processing,":[51,75],"exploits":[53],"advantages":[55],"of":[56,65,116,131,152],"both":[57],"generate":[62],"well-focused":[63],"images":[64],"targets.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"paper,":[70],"based":[71],"on":[72],"we":[76],"propose":[77],"an":[78,87],"improved":[79],"rank-one":[80],"phase":[81,100,112],"estimation":[82],"method":[83,97,119],"(IROPE).":[84],"By":[85],"using":[86],"iterative":[88],"two-step":[89],"convergence":[90],"IROPE,":[94],"proposed":[96,118,154],"achieves":[98],"accurate":[99],"error,":[101],"maintains":[102],"robustness":[103],"noise":[105],"performs":[107],"well":[108],"estimating":[110],"various":[111],"errors.":[113],"performance":[115],"analyzed":[121],"by":[122,141],"comparing":[123],"it":[124],"other":[126],"focusing":[127],"algorithms":[128],"terms":[130],"simulated":[133],"data":[134,139],"real":[136],"complex":[137],"image":[138],"acquired":[140],"Gaofen-3":[142],"(GF-3)":[143],"spotlight":[145],"mode.":[146],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"effectiveness":[151],"method.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}