{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013336802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","title":"End-to-End Automatic Pronunciation Error Detection Based on Improved Hybrid CTC/Attention Architecture","display_name":"End-to-End Automatic Pronunciation Error Detection Based on Improved Hybrid CTC/Attention Architecture","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013336802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","mag":"3013336802","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32218379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20071809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1809/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1809/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Long Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-7606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052655362","display_name":"Ziping Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-6389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziping Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047088715","display_name":"Chunmei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-1674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunmei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080841955","display_name":"Linlin Shan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Fine Arts and Design, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Fine Arts and Design, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563676","display_name":"Huazhi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5003-591X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067784030","display_name":"Lifen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1546-8189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lifen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087019132","display_name":"Shiwen Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8964-3165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134052481","display_name":"Harbin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0270y6950","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134052481"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiwen Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134052481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082967906","display_name":"Chang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3284-4078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080841955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.4677,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95417252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"1809","last_page":"1809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8190262317657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.7542447447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connectionism","display_name":"Connectionism","score":0.734052300453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5945496559143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5709224939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5032774806022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.500551700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4785112142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4767359495162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4680946171283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46595484018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35426726937294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09422948956489563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8190262317657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.7542447447776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8521452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203790","display_name":"Connectionism","level":3,"score":0.734052300453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5945496559143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5709224939346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5032774806022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.500551700592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4785112142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4767359495162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4680946171283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46595484018325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35426726937294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09422948956489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20071809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1809/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32218379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32218379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7bec2c89aef4bc3b92726c20e006c5d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7bec2c89aef4bc3b92726c20e006c5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 7, p 1809 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/7/1809/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7180994","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7180994","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20071809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071809","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/1809/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1629754134","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u542c\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u673a\u7406\u7684\u58f0\u5b66\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9ad8\u5c42\u8bed\u4e49\u7684\u673a\u5668\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1725338955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JCZDJC36300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2100673352","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JCQNJC70200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3809894499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JCZDJC36300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6198982315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18JCYBJC85900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7904879865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15BG103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323993","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013336802.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013336802.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56589039","https://openalex.org/W70727784","https://openalex.org/W229060315","https://openalex.org/W296713244","https://openalex.org/W334543181","https://openalex.org/W1529660840","https://openalex.org/W1585763212","https://openalex.org/W1736701665","https://openalex.org/W1884048561","https://openalex.org/W1970870811","https://openalex.org/W1979364015","https://openalex.org/W1982834135","https://openalex.org/W1985084205","https://openalex.org/W1995562189","https://openalex.org/W2001730713","https://openalex.org/W2008834750","https://openalex.org/W2033713013","https://openalex.org/W2038317019","https://openalex.org/W2048602624","https://openalex.org/W2049380464","https://openalex.org/W2051617091","https://openalex.org/W2069693818","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2084103130","https://openalex.org/W2086705963","https://openalex.org/W2091856355","https://openalex.org/W2097091384","https://openalex.org/W2102113734","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2139008940","https://openalex.org/W2139565824","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2155273149","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2164810574","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2193413348","https://openalex.org/W2251580508","https://openalex.org/W2295721380","https://openalex.org/W2327501763","https://openalex.org/W2397168380","https://openalex.org/W2397815643","https://openalex.org/W2398741870","https://openalex.org/W2402640444","https://openalex.org/W2410473521","https://openalex.org/W2526425061","https://openalex.org/W2552635739","https://openalex.org/W2766219058","https://openalex.org/W2787455262","https://openalex.org/W2794550958","https://openalex.org/W2798657914","https://openalex.org/W2803399609","https://openalex.org/W2889152503","https://openalex.org/W2889358387","https://openalex.org/W2913340405","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2936078256","https://openalex.org/W2941814890","https://openalex.org/W2942393092","https://openalex.org/W2962768833","https://openalex.org/W2962778134","https://openalex.org/W2962824709","https://openalex.org/W2963211739","https://openalex.org/W2963850025","https://openalex.org/W2963939538","https://openalex.org/W3104406212","https://openalex.org/W4299785905","https://openalex.org/W4390912981","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6648440284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205841273","https://openalex.org/W4205525690","https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W1732468982","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W1761388607","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W1997922073","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W4315434538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"automatic":[1,12],"pronunciation":[2,155],"error":[3],"detection":[4],"(APED)":[5],"algorithms":[6],"are":[7,206],"usually":[8],"based":[9,54,172,186],"on":[10,55,173,187,201],"state-of-the-art":[11,183],"speech":[13],"recognition":[14],"(ASR)":[15],"techniques.":[16],"With":[17],"the":[18,44,56,72,75,82,88,91,96,103,174,182,188,202,210,213],"development":[19],"of":[20,74,90,106,212],"deep":[21,189],"learning":[22],"technology,":[23],"end-to-end":[24,51],"ASR":[25,52,92,98,184],"technology":[26],"has":[27,197],"gradually":[28],"matured":[29],"and":[30,61,81,108,120,123,143,145,196],"achieved":[31],"positive":[32],"practical":[33],"results,":[34],"which":[35,205],"provides":[36],"us":[37],"with":[38],"a":[39,137,148,198],"new":[40,114],"opportunity":[41],"to":[42,70,166,181],"update":[43],"APED":[45,104,115,214],"algorithm.":[46],"We":[47],"first":[48],"constructed":[49],"an":[50,133],"system":[53,99,171,185],"hybrid":[57,176],"connectionist":[58,76],"temporal":[59,77],"classification":[60,78],"attention":[62],"(CTC/attention)":[63],"architecture.":[64],"An":[65],"adaptive":[66],"parameter":[67],"was":[68,100],"used":[69,101],"enhance":[71],"complementarity":[73],"(CTC)":[79],"model":[80,135],"attention-based":[83],"seq2seq":[84],"model,":[85],"further":[86],"improving":[87],"performance":[89],"system.":[93],"After":[94],"this,":[95],"improved":[97,175],"in":[102,164],"task":[105],"Mandarin,":[107],"good":[109],"results":[110],"were":[111],"obtained.":[112],"This":[113],"method":[116],"makes":[117],"force":[118],"alignment":[119],"segmentation":[121],"unnecessary,":[122],"it":[124],"does":[125],"not":[126],"require":[127],"multiple":[128],"complex":[129],"models,":[130],"such":[131],"as":[132],"acoustic":[134],"or":[136],"language":[138],"model.":[139],"It":[140],"is":[141,179],"convenient":[142],"straightforward,":[144],"will":[146],"be":[147],"suitable":[149,208],"general":[150],"solution":[151],"for":[152,209],"L1-independent":[153],"computer-assisted":[154],"training":[156],"(CAPT).":[157],"Furthermore,":[158],"we":[159],"find":[160,162],"that":[161,163],"regards":[165],"accuracy":[167],"metrics,":[168,204],"our":[169],"proposed":[170],"CTC/attention":[177],"architecture":[178],"close":[180],"neural":[190,192],"network-deep":[191],"network":[193],"(DNN-DNN)":[194],"architecture,":[195],"stronger":[199],"effect":[200],"F-measure":[203],"especially":[207],"requirements":[211],"task.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
