{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012527553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","title":"Gait Recognition and Understanding Based on Hierarchical Temporal Memory Using 3D Gait Semantic Folding","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Understanding Based on Hierarchical Temporal Memory Using 3D Gait Semantic Folding","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012527553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","mag":"3012527553","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32188067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1646/pdf?version=1584966426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1646/pdf?version=1584966426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101562051","display_name":"Jian Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-874X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9899-874X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048103902","display_name":"Tardi Tjahjadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-735X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tardi Tjahjadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-735X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101562051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81377529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"1646","last_page":"1646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9842000007629395,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7765728235244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7661267518997192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6151391267776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6027950048446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3606266975402832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7765728235244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7661267518997192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6151391267776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6027950048446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42652687430381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3606266975402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1646/pdf?version=1584966426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32188067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32188067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:134526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99a17dbf6b6443938206a5c22150872e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99a17dbf6b6443938206a5c22150872e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 6, p 1646 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/6/1646/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7146167","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7146167","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1646/pdf?version=1584966426","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3422720569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41604117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5881047571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201808430285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7158859404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ50363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995548989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012527553.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012527553.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W747418368","https://openalex.org/W1561782558","https://openalex.org/W1971239273","https://openalex.org/W1984035731","https://openalex.org/W1987579743","https://openalex.org/W1989191365","https://openalex.org/W2011058239","https://openalex.org/W2016327746","https://openalex.org/W2024925411","https://openalex.org/W2028281835","https://openalex.org/W2035725550","https://openalex.org/W2038176251","https://openalex.org/W2039896520","https://openalex.org/W2044966771","https://openalex.org/W2057313557","https://openalex.org/W2058897916","https://openalex.org/W2086613288","https://openalex.org/W2104335344","https://openalex.org/W2104769793","https://openalex.org/W2106069155","https://openalex.org/W2120861453","https://openalex.org/W2126680226","https://openalex.org/W2130265848","https://openalex.org/W2134026750","https://openalex.org/W2140818404","https://openalex.org/W2151150759","https://openalex.org/W2158461740","https://openalex.org/W2160933580","https://openalex.org/W2173942287","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2201781451","https://openalex.org/W2268529521","https://openalex.org/W2274890216","https://openalex.org/W2303532634","https://openalex.org/W2322772590","https://openalex.org/W2341349835","https://openalex.org/W2395209849","https://openalex.org/W2437735720","https://openalex.org/W2462412290","https://openalex.org/W2471768434","https://openalex.org/W2522764072","https://openalex.org/W2587215467","https://openalex.org/W2587763979","https://openalex.org/W2750880085","https://openalex.org/W2767282688","https://openalex.org/W2782360754","https://openalex.org/W2788751553","https://openalex.org/W2805611490","https://openalex.org/W2807461033","https://openalex.org/W2900022802","https://openalex.org/W2909756869","https://openalex.org/W2950860789","https://openalex.org/W2953044442","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963301258","https://openalex.org/W2963978393","https://openalex.org/W2990467641","https://openalex.org/W3104162526","https://openalex.org/W6656922592","https://openalex.org/W6687483927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gait":[0],"recognition":[1,175],"and":[2,19,34,51,77,95,204,216],"understanding":[3],"systems":[4],"have":[5],"shown":[6],"a":[7,44,96,113,208],"wide-ranging":[8],"application":[9,183],"prospect.":[10],"However,":[11],"their":[12,23],"use":[13],"of":[14,89,214],"unstructured":[15],"data":[16,50],"from":[17],"image":[18],"video":[20],"has":[21],"affected":[22],"performance,":[24],"e.g.,":[25],"they":[26],"are":[27,110],"easily":[28],"influenced":[29],"by":[30,101,158],"multi-views,":[31],"occlusion,":[32],"clothes,":[33],"object":[35],"carrying":[36],"conditions.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"addresses":[40],"these":[41],"problems":[42],"using":[43,102,112],"realistic":[45],"3-dimensional":[46],"(3D)":[47],"human":[48,74],"structural":[49,120],"sequential":[52],"pattern":[53],"learning":[54,169],"framework":[55],"with":[56,153],"top-down":[57,146],"attention":[58,147],"modulating":[59],"mechanism":[60,148],"based":[61],"on":[62,198],"Hierarchical":[63],"Temporal":[64],"Memory":[65],"(HTM).":[66],"First,":[67],"an":[68,90,131],"accurate":[69],"2-dimensional":[70],"(2D)":[71],"to":[72,117,126,136,151,163,177],"3D":[73],"body":[75,92,108],"pose":[76],"shape":[78],"semantic":[79,104,122,191],"parameters":[80,109],"estimation":[81],"method":[82],"is":[83,134,149],"proposed,":[84],"which":[85],"exploits":[86],"the":[87,106,119,138,160,179,188],"advantages":[88],"instance-level":[91],"parsing":[93],"model":[94,170],"virtual":[97],"dressing":[98],"method.":[99],"Second,":[100],"gait":[103,121,129,140,168,174,190],"folding,":[105],"estimated":[107],"encoded":[111],"sparse":[114,141],"2D":[115],"matrix":[116],"construct":[118],"image.":[123],"In":[124],"order":[125],"achieve":[127],"time-based":[128],"recognition,":[130],"HTM":[132],"Network":[133],"constructed":[135],"obtain":[137],"sequence-level":[139],"distribution":[142],"representations":[143],"(SL-GSDRs).":[144],"A":[145],"introduced":[150],"deal":[152],"various":[154],"conditions":[155],"including":[156],"multi-views":[157],"refining":[159],"SL-GSDRs,":[161],"according":[162],"prior":[164],"knowledge.":[165],"The":[166],"proposed":[167],"not":[171],"only":[172],"aids":[173],"tasks":[176],"overcome":[178],"difficulties":[180],"in":[181,212],"real":[182],"scenarios":[184],"but":[185],"also":[186],"provides":[187],"structured":[189],"images":[192],"for":[193],"visual":[194],"cognition.":[195],"Experimental":[196],"analyses":[197],"CMU":[199],"MoBo,":[200],"CASIA":[201],"B,":[202],"TUM-IITKGP,":[203],"KY4D":[205],"datasets":[206],"show":[207],"significant":[209],"performance":[210],"gain":[211],"terms":[213],"accuracy":[215],"robustness.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
