{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011588640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","title":"A Distributed Strategy for Cooperative Autonomous Robots Using Pedestrian Behavior for Multi-Target Search in the Unknown Environment","display_name":"A Distributed Strategy for Cooperative Autonomous Robots Using Pedestrian Behavior for Multi-Target Search in the Unknown Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011588640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","mag":"3011588640","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32183107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1606/pdf?version=1584452508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1606/pdf?version=1584452508","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084054659","display_name":"Haiyun Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-1138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyun Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660543","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-7630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Computer Science, The Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100876 Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Computer Science, The Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 100876 Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625750","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless Power Transmission of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-0518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless Power Transmission of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100625750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4574,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83107612,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"6","first_page":"1606","last_page":"1606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.7514268159866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.6874910593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6798752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6084586381912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5954962372779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5926656723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.592576801776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-robotics","display_name":"Swarm robotics","score":0.589580237865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.5630279183387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.5592696070671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.45486563444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4063870310783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3461127281188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3346361517906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3295246958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3242209851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20771104097366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.17605429887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14797645807266235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.7514268159866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6874910593032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6798752546310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6084586381912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5954962372779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5926656723022461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.592576801776886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169337768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446723","display_name":"Swarm robotics","level":3,"score":0.589580237865448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.5630279183387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.5592696070671082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45486563444137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4063870310783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3461127281188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3346361517906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3295246958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3242209851741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20771104097366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.17605429887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14797645807266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1606/pdf?version=1584452508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32183107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32183107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:020fc4ca55944f60b5af73bf2e27f188","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/020fc4ca55944f60b5af73bf2e27f188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 6, p 1606 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/6/1606/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7147482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7147482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20061606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061606","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/6/1606/pdf?version=1584452508","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011588640.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011588640.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13135463","https://openalex.org/W175825628","https://openalex.org/W1060861436","https://openalex.org/W1859314164","https://openalex.org/W1972869311","https://openalex.org/W1976428129","https://openalex.org/W1976621967","https://openalex.org/W1986003134","https://openalex.org/W2004331366","https://openalex.org/W2014574142","https://openalex.org/W2048255852","https://openalex.org/W2050728585","https://openalex.org/W2076207470","https://openalex.org/W2112432234","https://openalex.org/W2112571153","https://openalex.org/W2118331730","https://openalex.org/W2119908776","https://openalex.org/W2146485401","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2155877278","https://openalex.org/W2159384867","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2174829765","https://openalex.org/W2191312089","https://openalex.org/W2411532984","https://openalex.org/W2517104858","https://openalex.org/W2568966145","https://openalex.org/W2579998546","https://openalex.org/W2584119522","https://openalex.org/W2584293914","https://openalex.org/W2739340195","https://openalex.org/W2741768193","https://openalex.org/W2742299865","https://openalex.org/W2781170968","https://openalex.org/W2790458093","https://openalex.org/W2796751344","https://openalex.org/W2802121770","https://openalex.org/W2886382373","https://openalex.org/W2887771919","https://openalex.org/W2888567663","https://openalex.org/W2911817912","https://openalex.org/W2912593934","https://openalex.org/W2921051524","https://openalex.org/W2924608720","https://openalex.org/W2997499435","https://openalex.org/W4244713692","https://openalex.org/W6751443224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871202614","https://openalex.org/W4233987368","https://openalex.org/W65954170","https://openalex.org/W1988876749","https://openalex.org/W2518382144","https://openalex.org/W2350154411","https://openalex.org/W4229451618","https://openalex.org/W617387166","https://openalex.org/W2787547275","https://openalex.org/W1600534566"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Searching":[0],"multiple":[1],"targets":[2,18,128],"with":[3,26,110],"swarm":[4,36],"robots":[5],"is":[6,14],"a":[7,145,152],"realistic":[8,46],"and":[9,72,95,104,123,151],"significant":[10],"problem.":[11],"The":[12,76],"goal":[13],"to":[15,89],"search":[16,51,158],"the":[17,20,49,64,91,93,96,99,105,124],"in":[19,48,84,156],"minimum":[21],"time":[22,88],"while":[23],"avoiding":[24],"collisions":[25],"other":[27],"robots.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"inspired":[32],"by":[33,134],"pedestrian":[34,38],"behavior,":[35],"robotic":[37],"behavior":[39],"(SRPB)":[40],"was":[41,82,132],"proposed.":[42],"It":[43,131],"considered":[44],"many":[45],"constraints":[47],"multi-target":[50],"problem,":[52],"including":[53],"limited":[54,57],"communication":[55],"range,":[56],"working":[58],"time,":[59],"unknown":[60,62],"sources,":[61,150],"extrema,":[63],"arbitrary":[65,117],"initial":[66,115,118],"location":[67],"of":[68,78,86,101,127,148],"robots,":[69],"non-oriented":[70],"search,":[71],"no":[73],"central":[74],"coordination.":[75],"performance":[77],"different":[79,111,120,125],"cooperative":[80],"strategies":[81],"evaluated":[83],"terms":[85],"average":[87],"find":[90],"first,":[92],"half,":[94],"last":[97],"source,":[98],"number":[100,126,147],"located":[102,149],"sources":[103],"collision":[106,154],"rate.":[107],"Several":[108],"experiments":[109,136],"target":[112],"signals,":[113],"fixed":[114],"location,":[116,119],"population":[121],"sizes,":[122],"were":[129],"implemented.":[130],"demonstrated":[133],"numerous":[135],"that":[137],"SRPB":[138],"had":[139],"excellent":[140],"stability,":[141],"quick":[142],"source":[143],"seeking,":[144],"high":[146],"low":[153],"rate":[155],"various":[157],"strategies.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
