{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011406768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","title":"High Precision Low-Speed Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","display_name":"High Precision Low-Speed Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011406768","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","mag":"3011406768","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32164239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1526/pdf?version=1583842844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1526/pdf?version=1583842844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088790815","display_name":"Xianqi Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianqi Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19, Yuquan Rd., Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19, Yuquan Rd., Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384244","display_name":"Bao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-7776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101829415","display_name":"Xiantao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-1077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiantao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100384244"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6594,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83774037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1526","last_page":"1526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11749","display_name":"Iterative Learning Control Systems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13644","display_name":"Control Systems in Engineering","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8145241141319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-mode-control","display_name":"Sliding mode control","score":0.5541118383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.47237685322761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4662806987762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.45928502082824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44843876361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servomechanism","display_name":"Servomechanism","score":0.43795260787010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-ripple","display_name":"Torque ripple","score":0.4377385377883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.41941526532173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","score":0.4148250222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38511335849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.37797579169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20071962475776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.15262722969055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.08261263370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07324367761611938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8145241141319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36662352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008560","display_name":"Sliding mode control","level":3,"score":0.5541118383407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.47237685322761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4662806987762451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.45928502082824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44843876361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49503481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640815","display_name":"Servomechanism","level":2,"score":0.43795260787010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779675184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826797","display_name":"Torque ripple","level":5,"score":0.4377385377883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.41941526532173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986944758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous motor","level":3,"score":0.4148250222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38511335849761963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.37797579169273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20071962475776672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.15262722969055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.08261263370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07324367761611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1526/pdf?version=1583842844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32164239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32164239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32a0dca83fc54e36b311fb98143e080e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32a0dca83fc54e36b311fb98143e080e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1526 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6042099","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/5/1526/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051526","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1526/pdf?version=1583842844","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011406768.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011406768.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490510052","https://openalex.org/W1522477938","https://openalex.org/W1586959617","https://openalex.org/W1960613717","https://openalex.org/W1966920475","https://openalex.org/W1993917498","https://openalex.org/W2016783491","https://openalex.org/W2062155485","https://openalex.org/W2105011099","https://openalex.org/W2119982147","https://openalex.org/W2122526981","https://openalex.org/W2127033595","https://openalex.org/W2135216999","https://openalex.org/W2135493101","https://openalex.org/W2142641620","https://openalex.org/W2149380895","https://openalex.org/W2158424589","https://openalex.org/W2160314702","https://openalex.org/W2162357297","https://openalex.org/W2230652337","https://openalex.org/W2314677721","https://openalex.org/W2355930077","https://openalex.org/W2573176870","https://openalex.org/W2766746803","https://openalex.org/W2770942455","https://openalex.org/W6631518552","https://openalex.org/W6678271136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511965278","https://openalex.org/W3123253234","https://openalex.org/W2386766233","https://openalex.org/W2172163927","https://openalex.org/W2382591036","https://openalex.org/W1965449281","https://openalex.org/W2375429440","https://openalex.org/W3203301860","https://openalex.org/W2351775258","https://openalex.org/W2159111780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,16,65,108,142,164],"the":[2,38,55,71,82,94,111,125,129,131,139,144,148,151,158,167,172,198,201,216],"process":[3],"defects":[4],"and":[5,60,69,74,150,170,207],"imperfection":[6],"of":[7,23,93,121,128,147,175,210],"drivers,":[8],"permanent":[9],"magnet":[10],"synchronous":[11],"motors":[12],"(PMSM)":[13],"are":[14,180],"problematic":[15],"control.":[17],"There":[18],"is":[19,43,86,106,136,155,209],"still":[20],"a":[21,77],"lack":[22],"effective":[24],"high-performance":[25],"control":[26,46,52,225],"methods":[27],"for":[28,81,110],"inertial":[29,185],"stabilized":[30],"platforms":[31],"based":[32,188],"on":[33,114,183,189],"PMSM":[34],"currently.":[35],"At":[36],"present,":[37],"most":[39],"frequently":[40],"used":[41],"method":[42],"sliding":[44,50,83,159],"mode":[45,51,84,160],"(SMC),":[47],"but":[48],"traditional":[49,217],"cannot":[53],"overcome":[54],"contradiction":[56],"between":[57],"high":[58],"performance":[59,212],"system":[61,72,141,168],"chattering.":[62],"In":[63,91],"order":[64],"solve":[66],"this":[67,89],"problem":[68],"improve":[70],"reliability":[73],"pointing":[75],"accuracy,":[76],"new":[78,202],"approach":[79],"law":[80],"controller":[85,104],"proposed":[87],"in":[88,99,124],"paper.":[90],"view":[92],"large":[95],"periodic":[96],"torque":[97],"ripple":[98],"PMSM,":[100],"an":[101,184],"iterative":[102],"learning":[103],"(ILC)":[105],"introduced":[107],"compensate":[109],"disturbance.":[112,178],"Based":[113],"these,":[115],"aimed":[116],"at":[117],"suppressing":[118],"all":[119],"kinds":[120],"real-time":[122],"disturbances":[123],"working":[126],"environment":[127],"system,":[130,149],"extended":[132],"state":[133],"observer":[134,223],"(ESO)":[135],"brought":[137],"into":[138,157],"servo":[140],"observe":[143],"lumped":[145],"disturbance":[146,153,222],"total":[152],"observed":[154],"compensated":[156],"controller,":[161],"so":[162],"as":[163],"better":[165],"suppress":[166],"chattering":[169],"enhance":[171],"system's":[173],"ability":[174],"resisting":[176],"external":[177],"Experiments":[179],"carried":[181],"out":[182],"stabilization":[186],"platform":[187],"DSP":[190],"+":[191,221],"CPLD.":[192],"The":[193],"final":[194],"experiments":[195],"verify":[196],"that":[197],"SMC":[199],"with":[200,205,215],"approach,":[203],"combined":[204],"ILC":[206],"ESO,":[208],"outstanding":[211],"when":[213],"compared":[214],"proportional":[218],"integral":[219],"(PI)":[220],"(DOB)":[224],"scheme.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}