{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009172657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","title":"The Reflectance of Human Skin in the Millimeter-Wave Band","display_name":"The Reflectance of Human Skin in the Millimeter-Wave Band","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009172657","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","mag":"3009172657","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32182667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1480/pdf?version=1583661115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1480/pdf?version=1583661115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082983813","display_name":"Amani Yousef Owda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-9508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amani Yousef Owda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027741977","display_name":"Neil A. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-7130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091104655","display_name":"Alexander J. Casson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-1190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J Casson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-1190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024812409","display_name":"Majdi Owda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7393-2381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majdi Owda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7393-2381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Mathematics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082983813"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.5455,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81895918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.975600004196167,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10874","display_name":"Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-skin","display_name":"Human skin","score":0.7274011373519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.7175595760345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.48652806878089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forearm","display_name":"Forearm","score":0.48039084672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46783319115638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3633304834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.34530961513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2636551260948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.19660314917564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11760923266410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09708666801452637}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777459323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5259911","display_name":"Human skin","level":2,"score":0.7274011373519897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.7175595760345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.48652806878089905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780214079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228537","display_name":"Forearm","level":2,"score":0.48039084672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46783319115638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3633304834365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34530961513519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2636551260948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.19660314917564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11760923266410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09708666801452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012867","descriptor_name":"Skin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012871","descriptor_name":"Skin Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012879","descriptor_name":"Skin Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012879","descriptor_name":"Skin Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012879","descriptor_name":"Skin Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D060733","descriptor_name":"Electromagnetic Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1480/pdf?version=1583661115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32182667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32182667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:625489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/2de54669884b77b44aac094a0cf31ff5.html>","pdf_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/625489/7/sensors-20-01480.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/373f17fb-0453-4e35-bdbc-b4955d88af66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-reflectance-of-human-skin-in-the-millimeterwave-band(373f17fb-0453-4e35-bdbc-b4955d88af66).html","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1480","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Owda, A Y, Salmon, N, Casson, A J & Owda, M 2020, 'The Reflectance of Human Skin in the Millimeter-Wave Band', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cea280521d564647bde2613091825750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cea280521d564647bde2613091825750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1480 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6042111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32543667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_reflectance_of_human_skin_in_the_millimeter-wave_band/32543667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/5/1480/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/373f17fb-0453-4e35-bdbc-b4955d88af66","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/373f17fb-0453-4e35-bdbc-b4955d88af66","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Owda, A Y, Salmon, N, Casson, A J & Owda, M 2020, 'The Reflectance of Human Skin in the Millimeter-Wave Band', Sensors, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1480/pdf?version=1583661115","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311699","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009172657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009172657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148840075","https://openalex.org/W1557493532","https://openalex.org/W1658519101","https://openalex.org/W1960306357","https://openalex.org/W1965187746","https://openalex.org/W1978008231","https://openalex.org/W1981224048","https://openalex.org/W1982974441","https://openalex.org/W1995905135","https://openalex.org/W1996168671","https://openalex.org/W2002924638","https://openalex.org/W2024818396","https://openalex.org/W2030578932","https://openalex.org/W2033215809","https://openalex.org/W2039556342","https://openalex.org/W2050807296","https://openalex.org/W2057429451","https://openalex.org/W2058295847","https://openalex.org/W2069472142","https://openalex.org/W2075674528","https://openalex.org/W2079995146","https://openalex.org/W2089910016","https://openalex.org/W2091447598","https://openalex.org/W2106653950","https://openalex.org/W2106975116","https://openalex.org/W2141237838","https://openalex.org/W2142015551","https://openalex.org/W2150615963","https://openalex.org/W2154012811","https://openalex.org/W2156025151","https://openalex.org/W2171526570","https://openalex.org/W2235080235","https://openalex.org/W2554636857","https://openalex.org/W2736042217","https://openalex.org/W2781739620","https://openalex.org/W2793481864","https://openalex.org/W2806566705","https://openalex.org/W2953931331","https://openalex.org/W2980679191","https://openalex.org/W2984445747","https://openalex.org/W3004615892","https://openalex.org/W4297678774","https://openalex.org/W6675722890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108508964","https://openalex.org/W2557901381","https://openalex.org/W2664685875","https://openalex.org/W2274425366","https://openalex.org/W2001372189","https://openalex.org/W2093740263","https://openalex.org/W1990431300","https://openalex.org/W2176200406","https://openalex.org/W2020840055","https://openalex.org/W4308086404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,100,243],"millimeter-wave":[1],"band":[2,34,81],"is":[3,46],"an":[4,94],"ideal":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,27,67,70,73,91,98,104,107,129,132,145,159,165,182,215,222],"the":[8,33,54,68,78,105,108,110,114,125,130,133,135,139,157,160,163,166,171,175,180,212,216,220,223,231,235,252,262],"electromagnetic":[9],"radiation":[10,18],"to":[11,24,39,84,193,210,251,264,267,274],"diagnose":[12],"human":[13,55,146],"skin":[14,56,62,69,102,127,147,236,253,278],"conditions":[15,279],"because":[16],"this":[17,43,228],"interacts":[19],"only":[20],"with":[21,87],"tissue":[22],"down":[23],"a":[25,28,49,71,88,150,153,258,271],"depth":[26],"millimetre":[29],"or":[30],"less":[31],"over":[32,77],"range":[35],"from":[36],"30":[37],"GHz":[38,80],"300":[40],"GHz.":[41],"In":[42],"paper,":[44],"radiometry":[45,266],"used":[47,269],"as":[48,197,270,281],"non-contact":[50,272],"sensor":[51,273],"for":[52],"measuring":[53],"reflectance":[57,66,148,176,221,237],"under":[58],"normal":[59,151],"and":[60,93,113,121,138,152,162,178,186,204,241,255,276,285],"wet":[61,154],"conditions.":[63],"mean":[65,172,217],"sample":[72],"50":[74],"healthy":[75],"participants":[76],"(80\u2013100)":[79],"was":[82],"found":[83,192],"be":[85,194,268],"~0.615":[86],"standard":[89],"deviation":[90],"~0.088,":[92],"experimental":[95],"measurement":[96],"uncertainty":[97],"\u00b10.005.":[99],"thinner":[101],"regions":[103,128,168],"back":[106,158],"hand,":[109,134],"volar":[111],"forearms":[112],"inner":[115],"wrist":[116,141],"had":[117],"reflectances":[118],"0.068,":[119],"0.068":[120],"0.062":[122],"higher":[123],"than":[124],"thicker":[126],"palm":[131,164],"dorsal":[136],"forearm":[137],"outer":[140],"skin.":[142],"Experimental":[143],"measurements":[144,226],"in":[149,174,219,227,234],"state":[155],"on":[156],"hand":[161,167],"indicated":[169],"that":[170,246,260],"differences":[173,190,218],"before":[177],"after":[179],"application":[181],"water":[183,256],"were":[184,191,208],"~0.078":[185],"~0.152,":[187],"respectively.":[188],"These":[189],"statistically":[195],"significant":[196],"assessed":[198],"using":[199],"t-tests":[200,203,207],"(34":[201],"paired":[202],"six":[205],"independent":[206],"performed":[209],"assess":[211],"significance":[213],"level":[214],"skin).":[224],"Radiometric":[225],"paper":[229],"show":[230],"quantitative":[232],"variations":[233,248],"between":[238],"locations,":[239],"sexes,":[240],"individuals.":[242],"study":[244],"reveals":[245],"these":[247],"are":[249],"related":[250],"thickness":[254],"content,":[257],"capability":[259],"has":[261],"potential":[263],"allow":[265],"detect":[275],"monitor":[277],"such":[280],"eczema,":[282],"psoriasis,":[283],"malignancy,":[284],"burn":[286],"wounds.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
