{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010575931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","title":"Modulation Classification Using Compressed Sensing and Decision Tree\u2013Support Vector Machine in Cognitive Radio System","display_name":"Modulation Classification Using Compressed Sensing and Decision Tree\u2013Support Vector Machine in Cognitive Radio System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010575931","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","mag":"3010575931","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32155737"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1438/pdf?version=1583487085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1438/pdf?version=1583487085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102015508","display_name":"Xiaoyong Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-1626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100829849","display_name":"Shaojing Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5393-5550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaojing Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041361500","display_name":"Zhen Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-8568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750078","display_name":"Xiaojun Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-9458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009670363","display_name":"Xiaopeng Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041361500"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.7427,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91992968,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1438","last_page":"1438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6978424191474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6653580665588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6508609056472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.6039076447486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6004443764686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5730496644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5648965239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.522217869758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-classifier","display_name":"Linear classifier","score":0.48790261149406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4686659574508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.46859851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree-learning","display_name":"Decision tree learning","score":0.4658812880516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3204672932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14258190989494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.08547618985176086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6978424191474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6653580665588379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6508609056472778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.6039076447486877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6004443764686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5730496644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5648965239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.522217869758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139532973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679259","display_name":"Linear classifier","level":3,"score":0.48790261149406433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4686659574508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.46859851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5481197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16766476","display_name":"Decision tree learning","level":3,"score":0.4658812880516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3204672932624817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14258190989494324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.08547618985176086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1438/pdf?version=1583487085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32155737","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32155737","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a42668c16e554e429316536a8c1b2198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a42668c16e554e429316536a8c1b2198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1438 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/5/1438/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7085730","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1438/pdf?version=1583487085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3139362846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016QY11W2003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4689537109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JJ3607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7853953948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51575517","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010575931.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010575931.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98989907","https://openalex.org/W579283696","https://openalex.org/W1508469562","https://openalex.org/W1968671728","https://openalex.org/W1977252496","https://openalex.org/W1980526963","https://openalex.org/W2011834642","https://openalex.org/W2012864021","https://openalex.org/W2023690004","https://openalex.org/W2057293957","https://openalex.org/W2104266187","https://openalex.org/W2113749736","https://openalex.org/W2122274042","https://openalex.org/W2129131372","https://openalex.org/W2134396534","https://openalex.org/W2145096794","https://openalex.org/W2153620960","https://openalex.org/W2164452299","https://openalex.org/W2172139273","https://openalex.org/W2484415557","https://openalex.org/W2533057217","https://openalex.org/W2569025766","https://openalex.org/W2591252554","https://openalex.org/W2602393170","https://openalex.org/W2790836455","https://openalex.org/W2797971294","https://openalex.org/W2815862320","https://openalex.org/W2990694629","https://openalex.org/W3019114926","https://openalex.org/W6653774866","https://openalex.org/W6685131980","https://openalex.org/W6731222065","https://openalex.org/W6734096116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W2055840562","https://openalex.org/W2028016548","https://openalex.org/W8815205","https://openalex.org/W1597543867","https://openalex.org/W2124762637","https://openalex.org/W3023727762","https://openalex.org/W1987766119","https://openalex.org/W1502255606","https://openalex.org/W2407173734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,13],"blind":[4],"modulation":[5,123],"classification":[6,92,98,124],"method":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9,90],"compressed":[10,70],"sensing":[11,71],"using":[12],"high-order":[14],"cumulant":[15,54],"and":[16,40,55,87,96,121,133],"cyclic":[17,56],"spectrum":[18,57],"combined":[19],"with":[20],"the":[21,31,42,46,51,63,69,82,91,97,104,130,137],"decision":[22],"tree-support":[23],"vector":[24],"machine":[25],"classifier":[26],"is":[27,100],"proposed":[28],"to":[29],"solve":[30],"problem":[32],"of":[33,45,84,106,139],"low":[34],"identification":[35],"accuracy":[36,93],"under":[37],"single-feature":[38],"parameters":[39,59,113],"reduce":[41],"performance":[43,99],"requirements":[44],"sampling":[47,66],"system.":[48],"Through":[49],"calculating":[50],"fourth-order,":[52],"eighth-order":[53],"feature":[58,112],"by":[60],"breaking":[61],"through":[62],"traditional":[64],"Nyquist":[65],"law":[67],"in":[68],"framework,":[72],"six":[73],"different":[74],"cognitive":[75],"radio":[76],"signals":[77,109],"are":[78,94,114],"effectively":[79],"classified.":[80],"Moreover,":[81],"influences":[83],"symbol":[85],"length":[86],"compression":[88],"ratio":[89],"simulated":[95],"improved,":[101],"which":[102,128],"achieves":[103],"purpose":[105],"identifying":[107],"more":[108],"when":[110],"fewer":[111],"used.":[115],"The":[116],"results":[117],"indicate":[118],"that":[119],"accurate":[120],"effective":[122],"can":[125],"be":[126],"achieved,":[127],"provides":[129],"theoretical":[131],"basis":[132],"technical":[134],"accumulation":[135],"for":[136],"field":[138],"optical-fiber":[140],"signal":[141],"detection.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}