{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009367002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","title":"Local Wireless Sensor Networks Positioning Reliability Under Sensor Failure","display_name":"Local Wireless Sensor Networks Positioning Reliability Under Sensor Failure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009367002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","mag":"3009367002","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32151090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1426/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087557573","display_name":"Javier D\u00edez-Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-1630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier D\u00edez-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-1630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006617173","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n \u00c1lvarez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7734-4539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rub\u00e9n \u00c1lvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Positioning Department, Drotium, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Positioning Department, Drotium, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030297327","display_name":"Natalia Prieto-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-7426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Prieto-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037211302","display_name":"Hilde P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-1983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hilde Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-1983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical, IT and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006617173","https://openalex.org/A5087557573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.809,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90965619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1426","last_page":"1426"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.8849273920059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7856323719024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7312375903129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.601112961769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5355225801467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5000402927398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.49345508217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.46344542503356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24981418251991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19007515907287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12604469060897827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.8849273920059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7856323719024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7312375903129578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.601112961769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5355225801467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5000402927398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.49345508217811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46344542503356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24981418251991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19007515907287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12604469060897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32151090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32151090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3240b1c2c08a4492b6b63291d4aa780f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3240b1c2c08a4492b6b63291d4aa780f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1426 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6042105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/5/1426/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051426","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051426","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1426/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3661364849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DPI2016-79960-C3-2-P","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331769","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009367002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009367002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1806665072","https://openalex.org/W1999933558","https://openalex.org/W2044541911","https://openalex.org/W2045012981","https://openalex.org/W2051291469","https://openalex.org/W2059449925","https://openalex.org/W2076919534","https://openalex.org/W2084324567","https://openalex.org/W2098189773","https://openalex.org/W2098538770","https://openalex.org/W2101823128","https://openalex.org/W2112280154","https://openalex.org/W2115205111","https://openalex.org/W2115544295","https://openalex.org/W2119355316","https://openalex.org/W2149681188","https://openalex.org/W2173281408","https://openalex.org/W2202630408","https://openalex.org/W2462826356","https://openalex.org/W2549315536","https://openalex.org/W2550075934","https://openalex.org/W2553722972","https://openalex.org/W2594681962","https://openalex.org/W2794369236","https://openalex.org/W2887816175","https://openalex.org/W2889282912","https://openalex.org/W2945860305","https://openalex.org/W2955333429","https://openalex.org/W2955415166","https://openalex.org/W2956690686","https://openalex.org/W2972533785","https://openalex.org/W2979374334","https://openalex.org/W2990482093","https://openalex.org/W6677075041","https://openalex.org/W6754090008","https://openalex.org/W6768594591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095065017","https://openalex.org/W2138144598","https://openalex.org/W1974000248","https://openalex.org/W2082904991","https://openalex.org/W2171533994","https://openalex.org/W2742766041","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2387140101","https://openalex.org/W1979558256","https://openalex.org/W2946632095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0],"Positioning":[1],"Systems":[2],"are":[3],"collecting":[4],"high":[5],"research":[6],"interest":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,41,62,69,80,84,87,116,129,143,149,153,158,174],"last":[10],"few":[11],"years.":[12],"Its":[13],"accurate":[14],"application":[15],"in":[16,44,68,73,91,104,135,166,181],"high-demanded":[17],"difficult":[18],"scenarios":[19],"has":[20],"revealed":[21],"its":[22,122],"stability":[23],"and":[24,121,157,163],"robustness":[25],"for":[26],"autonomous":[27],"navigation.":[28],"In":[29,96],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,98],"develop":[33],"a":[34,47,51,100,113,179],"new":[35],"sensor":[36,48,146],"deployment":[37],"methodology":[38],"to":[39,106,173],"guarantee":[40],"system":[42,81,117],"availability":[43],"case":[45,167],"of":[46,50,55,64,76,79,128,152,168,183],"failure":[49,120,147],"five-node":[52],"Time":[53],"Difference":[54],"Arrival":[56],"(TDOA)":[57],"localization":[58],"method.":[59],"We":[60],"solve":[61],"ambiguity":[63],"two":[65,88],"possible":[66,89,94,137],"solutions":[67,90],"four-sensor":[70],"TDOA":[71],"problem":[72],"each":[74,136],"combination":[75],"four":[77],"nodes":[78],"by":[82,126,161],"maximizing":[83],"distance":[85],"between":[86,115],"every":[92],"target":[93,138],"location.":[95,139],"addition,":[97],"perform":[99],"Genetic":[101],"Algorithm":[102],"Optimization":[103],"order":[105],"find":[107],"an":[108],"optimized":[109],"node":[110],"location":[111,159],"with":[112],"trade-off":[114],"behavior":[118],"under":[119,187],"normal":[123,188],"operating":[124,189],"condition":[125],"means":[127],"Cramer":[130],"Rao":[131],"Lower":[132],"Bound":[133],"derivation":[134],"Results":[140],"show":[141],"that":[142],"optimization":[144],"considering":[145],"enhances":[148],"average":[150],"values":[151],"convergence":[154],"region":[155],"size":[156],"accuracy":[160,182],"31%":[162],"22%,":[164],"respectively,":[165],"some":[169],"malfunction":[170],"sensors":[171],"regarding":[172],"non-failure":[175],"optimization,":[176],"only":[177],"suffering":[178],"reduction":[180],"less":[184],"than":[185],"5%":[186],"conditions.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}