{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007979096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","title":"Sector Piezoelectric Sensor Array Transmitter Beamforming MUSIC Algorithm Based Structure Damage Imaging Method","display_name":"Sector Piezoelectric Sensor Array Transmitter Beamforming MUSIC Algorithm Based Structure Damage Imaging Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007979096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","mag":"3007979096","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32110936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1265/pdf?version=1583230329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1265/pdf?version=1583230329","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030330061","display_name":"Tao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-0367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364972","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Structural Health Monitoring and Prognosis, State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Structural Health Monitoring and Prognosis, State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071211421","display_name":"Lei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-187X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Structural Health Monitoring and Prognosis, State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Structural Health Monitoring and Prognosis, State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101567307","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0587-7496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071211421","https://openalex.org/A5101567307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734","https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.6357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79945174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"5","first_page":"1265","last_page":"1265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.6847097277641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6730512976646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6287208795547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6188634634017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5830923318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5252268314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-sensor","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","score":0.5141237378120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5081832408905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4942657947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4931604266166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-array","display_name":"Sensor array","score":0.4775441586971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.4437868595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34501412510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2523144483566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23106089234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1529165804386139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15035966038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.11272382736206055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.6847097277641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6730512976646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6287208795547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6188634634017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5830923318862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5252268314361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173677008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094637","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","level":3,"score":0.5141237378120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5081832408905029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4942657947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4931604266166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.4775441586971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.4437868595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34501412510871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2523144483566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23106089234352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1529165804386139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15035966038703918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.11272382736206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1265/pdf?version=1583230329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32110936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32110936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:949596046c594e62b1b595b422a68074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/949596046c594e62b1b595b422a68074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 5, p 1265 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6042119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7085588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/5/1265/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20051265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051265","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/5/1265/pdf?version=1583230329","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1574667473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11604309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7142804226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51921003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007979096.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1860586674","https://openalex.org/W1967128993","https://openalex.org/W1967827872","https://openalex.org/W1978201086","https://openalex.org/W1980362281","https://openalex.org/W1982436856","https://openalex.org/W1985716339","https://openalex.org/W1993496072","https://openalex.org/W1998665038","https://openalex.org/W2005385149","https://openalex.org/W2018827157","https://openalex.org/W2025659492","https://openalex.org/W2030113781","https://openalex.org/W2033273034","https://openalex.org/W2033795886","https://openalex.org/W2039640159","https://openalex.org/W2048224652","https://openalex.org/W2048358950","https://openalex.org/W2056206994","https://openalex.org/W2069455185","https://openalex.org/W2090959823","https://openalex.org/W2109028909","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2120356561","https://openalex.org/W2127165121","https://openalex.org/W2137011497","https://openalex.org/W2139738355","https://openalex.org/W2154007667","https://openalex.org/W2158479256","https://openalex.org/W2277929184","https://openalex.org/W2507232518","https://openalex.org/W2544817456","https://openalex.org/W2772236211","https://openalex.org/W2794889081","https://openalex.org/W2796453311","https://openalex.org/W2807590476","https://openalex.org/W2900677882","https://openalex.org/W2909298949","https://openalex.org/W2913819187","https://openalex.org/W2914316664","https://openalex.org/W2944739171","https://openalex.org/W2947106155","https://openalex.org/W2980335387","https://openalex.org/W3005076277","https://openalex.org/W3207537082","https://openalex.org/W4302047880","https://openalex.org/W6639119733","https://openalex.org/W6677928964","https://openalex.org/W6678985685","https://openalex.org/W6802979751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108538616","https://openalex.org/W2303320412","https://openalex.org/W3206156900","https://openalex.org/W2169118221","https://openalex.org/W2146893911","https://openalex.org/W2027366438","https://openalex.org/W1591179470","https://openalex.org/W2011294781","https://openalex.org/W4200357241","https://openalex.org/W2025555398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Elastic-wave-based":[0],"structural":[1],"health":[2],"monitoring":[3,30,66,128],"technology":[4],"has":[5,170],"a":[6,55,64,70,91,132,137,171],"broad":[7],"application":[8],"potential":[9],"for":[10,75,90],"its":[11],"sensitivity":[12],"and":[13,24,39,105,112,159,169],"ability":[14],"to":[15,49],"achieve":[16,165],"regional":[17],"monitoring.":[18],"For":[19],"structures":[20],"with":[21,136,141],"large":[22],"damping":[23],"specific":[25,92],"shapes,":[26],"the":[27,35,52,94,100,107,113,123,129,142,148],"traditional":[28,149],"damage":[29,53,65,95,114,130,143,167],"method":[31,67,124,163],"is":[32,47],"limited":[33],"by":[34,41,127],"sensor":[36,73,85],"arrangement":[37],"area":[38],"affected":[40],"low":[42],"signal-to-noise":[43,108],"ratios,":[44],"so":[45],"it":[46],"difficult":[48],"accurately":[50],"locate":[51],"in":[54,131],"structure.":[56],"To":[57],"solve":[58],"this":[59,61,162],"problem,":[60],"paper":[62],"proposed":[63],"based":[68,146],"on":[69,147],"sector":[71,83],"piezoelectric":[72,84],"array":[74,97],"multiple":[76,153],"signal":[77,98,154],"classification":[78,155],"algorithm.":[79],"By":[80],"arranging":[81],"two":[82],"arrays":[86],"that":[87],"are":[88],"suitable":[89],"structure,":[93],"scattering":[96],"under":[99],"multi-excitation":[101],"source":[102,152],"was":[103,117,125],"obtained":[104],"synthesized,":[106],"ratios":[109],"were":[110],"improved,":[111],"location":[115,168],"accuracy":[116],"thus":[118],"improved.":[119],"The":[120],"effectiveness":[121],"of":[122],"verified":[126],"circular":[133],"bonded":[134],"structure":[135],"metal":[138],"ring.":[139],"Compared":[140],"localization":[144,173],"methods":[145],"single":[150],"excitation":[151],"algorithm,":[156],"path":[157],"imaging":[158],"delay-sum":[160],"imaging,":[161],"can":[164],"better":[166],"higher":[172],"accuracy.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}