{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008982061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","title":"The Application of Robust Least Squares Method in Frequency Lock Loop Fusion for Global Navigation Satellite System Receivers","display_name":"The Application of Robust Least Squares Method in Frequency Lock Loop Fusion for Global Navigation Satellite System Receivers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008982061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","mag":"3008982061","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32102261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1224/pdf?version=1582894069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1224/pdf?version=1582894069","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048005654","display_name":"Mengyue Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyue Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391010","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-8434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089182091","display_name":"Yuanlan Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-998X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlan Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103028968","display_name":"Min He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045988979","display_name":"Xiufeng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5262-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiufeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5262-1007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100391010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.8257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96816369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1224","last_page":"1224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.6607187986373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5693946480751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5559744238853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.5196103453636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.5020816326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.46111229062080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.42776763439178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3938637375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3639868497848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26099178194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2310217022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13072407245635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11867284774780273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.6607187986373901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5693946480751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5559744238853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.5196103453636169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5020816326141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.46111229062080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.42776763439178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3938637375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3639868497848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26099178194999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2310217022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13072407245635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11867284774780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1224/pdf?version=1582894069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32102261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32102261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc2a6d5c615a4a9fa399d988b712394c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc2a6d5c615a4a9fa399d988b712394c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 4, p 1224 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/4/1224/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7070713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7070713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1224/pdf?version=1582894069","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4430217071","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d77\u6c34\u58f0\u9053\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6d77\u5e95\u58f0\u5450\u957f\u57fa\u7ebf\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7009576423","display_name":"\u77e2\u91cf\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684Compass\u4fe1\u53f7\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41474027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008982061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008982061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514980392","https://openalex.org/W1985239632","https://openalex.org/W1994364263","https://openalex.org/W2040479662","https://openalex.org/W2267309666","https://openalex.org/W2269379202","https://openalex.org/W2360860618","https://openalex.org/W2369644370","https://openalex.org/W2438873376","https://openalex.org/W2724913661","https://openalex.org/W2792143728","https://openalex.org/W2803062830","https://openalex.org/W2883884925","https://openalex.org/W2899210609","https://openalex.org/W6707836678","https://openalex.org/W6718645162","https://openalex.org/W7026264645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W24774503","https://openalex.org/W2014821076","https://openalex.org/W2363983170","https://openalex.org/W2270181498","https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2376330853","https://openalex.org/W4232879103","https://openalex.org/W4312978203","https://openalex.org/W3103471182","https://openalex.org/W2558486654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,73,125,175],"tracking":[1,30,44,183],"accuracy":[2,31],"of":[3,21,32,62,65,75,94,99,109,120,128,136,146,167],"a":[4,13,22,33,36,42,52,134,203],"traditional":[5,173],"Frequency":[6],"Lock":[7],"Loop":[8],"(FLL)":[9],"decreases":[10],"significantly":[11],"in":[12,35],"complex":[14,37],"environment,":[15,38],"thus":[16],"reducing":[17],"the":[18,47,60,81,86,92,100,106,110,118,129,137,144,155,159,165,168,172,180,199],"overall":[19],"performance":[20],"satellite":[23],"receiver.":[24],"In":[25,89],"order":[26],"to":[27,68,105,153,163],"ensure":[28,69],"high":[29,70],"receiver":[34],"this":[39,90],"paper":[40],"proposes":[41],"new":[43],"loop":[45,101,121],"combining":[46],"vector":[48],"FLL":[49,130],"(VFLL)":[50],"with":[51,143],"robust":[53],"least":[54],"squares":[55],"method,":[56],"which":[57],"accurately":[58],"matches":[59],"weights":[61,74],"received":[63,76],"signals":[64,77,98],"different":[66,107,114],"qualities":[67],"positioning":[71],"accuracy.":[72],"are":[78,102,131,161],"selected":[79],"at":[80,85,113],"signal":[82,115,192],"level,":[83],"not":[84],"observation":[87],"level.":[88],"paper,":[91],"ranges":[93],"strong":[95,186],"and":[96,117,140,148,193],"weak":[97],"determined":[103],"according":[104],"expressions":[108],"distribution":[111],"function":[112,152],"strengths,":[116],"concept":[119],"segmentation":[122,126],"is":[123],"introduced.":[124],"results":[127,177],"taken":[132],"as":[133],"basis":[135],"weight":[138,151,157],"selection,":[139],"then":[141],"combined":[142],"Institute":[145],"Geodesy":[147],"Geophysics":[149],"(IGGIII)":[150],"obtain":[154],"equivalent":[156],"matrix;":[158],"experiments":[160],"conducted":[162],"prove":[164],"advantages":[166],"proposed":[169,181,200],"method":[170,184],"over":[171],"methods.":[174],"experimental":[176],"show":[178],"that":[179],"VFLL":[182],"has":[185,202],"denoising":[187],"capability":[188],"under":[189],"both":[190],"normal-":[191],"harsh":[194],"application":[195,205],"environment":[196],"conditions.":[197],"Accordingly,":[198],"model":[201],"promising":[204],"perspective.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
