{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006928479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","title":"Detecting of the Longitudinal Grouting Quality in Prestressed Curved Tendon Duct Using Piezoceramic Transducers","display_name":"Detecting of the Longitudinal Grouting Quality in Prestressed Curved Tendon Duct Using Piezoceramic Transducers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006928479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","mag":"3006928479","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32098433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1212/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035908096","display_name":"Tianyong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-6846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671882","display_name":"Bin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-8602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677020","display_name":"Yaowen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-5771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107208","display_name":"China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group","ror":"https://ror.org/01rb6gh35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107208"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaowen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group CO., LTD, Beijing 102600, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group CO., LTD, Beijing 102600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107208"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646116","display_name":"Lei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100646116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1438,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77543055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1212","last_page":"1212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.7087351083755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duct","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","score":0.6096584796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5684291124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.5643128156661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.492450088262558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-zirconate-titanate","display_name":"Lead zirconate titanate","score":0.4820362329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.46365270018577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.45176297426223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-wave","display_name":"Longitudinal wave","score":0.4371316432952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tendon","display_name":"Tendon","score":0.4307372570037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.4105284810066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.39977091550827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-propagation","display_name":"Wave propagation","score":0.17919573187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14540141820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.09112498164176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07766392827033997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.7087351083755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781212128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256181","display_name":"Duct (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.6096584796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5684291124343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5643128156661987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.492450088262558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781128178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q883484","display_name":"Lead zirconate titanate","level":4,"score":0.4820362329483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.46365270018577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45176297426223755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143351421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626707","display_name":"Longitudinal wave","level":3,"score":0.4371316432952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232358","display_name":"Tendon","level":2,"score":0.4307372570037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.4105284810066223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39977091550827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.17919573187828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14540141820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.09112498164176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07766392827033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32098433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32098433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:482bb7096e94439f9891d5b4ddd94c99","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/482bb7096e94439f9891d5b4ddd94c99","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 4, p 1212 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/4/1212/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7070417","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7070417","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041212","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1212/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G209645433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018IC18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5167091242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5770638784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JJ40301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5817958046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51678069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6952600391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51778068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7402275760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019SK2171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G780902787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17A010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8928746329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017GK4034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8955107213","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Major","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325599","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006928479.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006928479.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511835339","https://openalex.org/W1839075493","https://openalex.org/W1974284696","https://openalex.org/W1977105653","https://openalex.org/W1989504326","https://openalex.org/W2008421189","https://openalex.org/W2013043089","https://openalex.org/W2025260624","https://openalex.org/W2035527623","https://openalex.org/W2063785775","https://openalex.org/W2068389664","https://openalex.org/W2074484929","https://openalex.org/W2102869241","https://openalex.org/W2108914309","https://openalex.org/W2198488615","https://openalex.org/W2286732189","https://openalex.org/W2298360026","https://openalex.org/W2335117587","https://openalex.org/W2363326247","https://openalex.org/W2509443795","https://openalex.org/W2546926091","https://openalex.org/W2555066392","https://openalex.org/W2559920515","https://openalex.org/W2600009325","https://openalex.org/W2611118863","https://openalex.org/W2620816067","https://openalex.org/W2737509113","https://openalex.org/W2737781947","https://openalex.org/W2742412886","https://openalex.org/W2754122695","https://openalex.org/W2759693509","https://openalex.org/W2765309105","https://openalex.org/W2781806873","https://openalex.org/W2793407690","https://openalex.org/W2805994833","https://openalex.org/W2808100447","https://openalex.org/W2808281125","https://openalex.org/W2883609031","https://openalex.org/W2886194692","https://openalex.org/W2886937482","https://openalex.org/W2888803582","https://openalex.org/W2895073737","https://openalex.org/W2896529136","https://openalex.org/W2898108172","https://openalex.org/W2901198781","https://openalex.org/W2901232984","https://openalex.org/W2903117849","https://openalex.org/W2906702243","https://openalex.org/W2907443900","https://openalex.org/W2908861496","https://openalex.org/W2914421601","https://openalex.org/W2941673222","https://openalex.org/W2956093049","https://openalex.org/W2967143008","https://openalex.org/W2974596292","https://openalex.org/W2975124300","https://openalex.org/W2978493583","https://openalex.org/W2981830697","https://openalex.org/W2995782450","https://openalex.org/W3000399847","https://openalex.org/W3018012838","https://openalex.org/W3048414756","https://openalex.org/W3210439366","https://openalex.org/W3210625727","https://openalex.org/W3212879948","https://openalex.org/W6630723968","https://openalex.org/W6781984303","https://openalex.org/W6802683457","https://openalex.org/W6802905834","https://openalex.org/W6803517559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967406975","https://openalex.org/W2012283803","https://openalex.org/W4384820447","https://openalex.org/W2072454424","https://openalex.org/W2117438306","https://openalex.org/W2185942010","https://openalex.org/W2260725127","https://openalex.org/W2163627367","https://openalex.org/W2080895147","https://openalex.org/W2003569877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"understand":[1],"the":[2,26,41,50,53,71,74,84,96,129,132,139,145,149,167,170,172,178,186,196,199,203,207,220],"characteristics":[3],"of":[4,25,46,52,73,131,158,174,180,224],"longitudinal":[5,22,43,160,187,221],"grouting":[6,23,140,146,175,181,188,222],"quality,":[7],"this":[8,122],"paper":[9],"developed":[10],"a":[11],"stress":[12,64],"wave-based":[13],"active":[14],"sensing":[15],"method":[16,213],"using":[17],"piezoceramic":[18],"transducers":[19,38,205],"to":[20],"detect":[21],"quality":[24,189,223],"prestressed":[27,225],"curved":[28,54,75,208,226],"tendon":[29,55,76,209,227],"ducts.":[30],"There":[31],"were":[32,78,119,136,163],"four":[33],"lead":[34],"zirconate":[35],"titanate":[36],"(PZT)":[37],"installed":[39],"in":[40,121,206,218],"same":[42],"plane.":[44],"One":[45],"them,":[47],"mounted":[48],"on":[49,70],"bottom":[51],"duct,":[56,77],"was":[57,90],"called":[58,79],"as":[59,80],"an":[60],"actuator":[61],"for":[62,82],"generating":[63],"waves.":[65],"The":[66,87,107,156,211],"other":[67],"three,":[68],"pasted":[69],"top":[72],"sensors":[81,162],"detecting":[83,219],"wave":[85],"responses.":[86],"experimental":[88],"process":[89],"divided":[91],"into":[92],"five":[93],"states":[94],"during":[95],"grouting,":[97,151],"which":[98],"included":[99],"0%,":[100],"50%,":[101],"75%,":[102],"90%,":[103],"and":[104,115,177],"100%":[105,150],"grouting.":[106],"voltage":[108],"signals,":[109],"power":[110],"spectral":[111],"density":[112],"(PSD)":[113],"energy":[114,118],"wavelet":[116],"packet":[117],"adopted":[120],"research.":[123],"Experimental":[124],"results":[125,157,184],"showed":[126,185],"that":[127],"all":[128],"amplitudes":[130],"above":[133],"analysis":[134],"indicators":[135],"small":[137],"before":[138],"reached":[141,148],"90%.":[142],"Only":[143],"when":[144],"degree":[147],"these":[152],"parameters":[153],"increased":[154],"significantly.":[155],"different":[159],"PZT":[161,204],"mainly":[164],"determined":[165],"by":[166,194,202],"distance":[168],"from":[169],"generator,":[171],"position":[173],"holes,":[176],"fluidity":[179],"materials.":[182],"These":[183],"can":[190],"be":[191],"effectively":[192],"evaluated":[193],"analyzing":[195],"difference":[197],"between":[198],"signals":[200],"received":[201],"duct.":[210,228],"devised":[212],"has":[214],"certain":[215],"application":[216],"value":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
