{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008600277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","title":"Unambiguous Forward-Looking SAR Imaging on HSV-R Using Frequency Diverse Array","display_name":"Unambiguous Forward-Looking SAR Imaging on HSV-R Using Frequency Diverse Array","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008600277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","mag":"3008600277","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32093334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1169/pdf?version=1582545590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1169/pdf?version=1582545590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717446","display_name":"Mengdi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4423-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mengdi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210425","display_name":"Guisheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065231043","display_name":"Xiongpeng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8873-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongpeng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079377634","display_name":"Shengqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-4472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Lab of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100717446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":6.8257,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96815318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"1169","last_page":"1169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4418526887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42397522926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2554062604904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4418526887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42397522926330566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2554062604904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1169/pdf?version=1582545590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32093334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32093334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fb8c2b36f514786b3d37328b6327a41","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fb8c2b36f514786b3d37328b6327a41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 4, p 1169 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/4/1169/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7070757","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7070757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20041169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041169","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/1169/pdf?version=1582545590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G702456963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFE0200400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008600277.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008600277.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986735094","https://openalex.org/W2036168037","https://openalex.org/W2165468651","https://openalex.org/W2195896080","https://openalex.org/W2291870248","https://openalex.org/W2324894870","https://openalex.org/W2742903599","https://openalex.org/W2743112445","https://openalex.org/W2791688381","https://openalex.org/W2900952818","https://openalex.org/W6684383234","https://openalex.org/W7033552521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,148],"a":[2,35],"challenge":[3],"to":[4,10,63,70,87,150],"realize":[5],"wide":[6],"swath":[7],"imaging":[8],"due":[9],"the":[11,31,50,72,89,96,102,106,113,118,129,132,143,154,169,176,189,192],"conflict":[12],"between":[13],"Doppler":[14,52,65],"ambiguity":[15,18,43,74,91,94],"and":[16,75,92,171],"range":[17,73,90,114,127,134],"for":[19,168],"hypersonic":[20],"vehicle":[21],"(HSV)":[22],"radar.":[23],"In":[24,34],"addition,":[25],"there":[26],"are":[27,159,166],"many":[28],"conditions":[29],"requiring":[30],"forward-looking":[32,36],"imaging.":[33,152],"synthetic":[37],"aperture":[38],"radar":[39],"(SAR)":[40],"system,":[41],"left-right":[42,76,93],"arises,":[44],"since":[45],"two":[46,162],"symmetrical":[47],"targets":[48],"have":[49,187],"same":[51],"frequency":[53,61,97,120],"magnitude.":[54],"After":[55],"selecting":[56],"an":[57,85,179],"appropriate":[58],"pulse":[59],"repetition":[60],"(PRF)":[62],"avoid":[64],"ambiguity,":[66],"we":[67],"only":[68],"need":[69],"solve":[71],"ambiguity.":[77],"To":[78],"handle":[79],"these":[80],"issues,":[81],"this":[82],"paper":[83],"proposes":[84],"approach":[86],"resolve":[88],"using":[95],"diverse":[98],"array":[99],"(FDA).":[100],"With":[101,175],"range-angle-dependent":[103],"property":[104],"of":[105,156,191],"transmit":[107,124],"steering":[108],"vector,":[109],"FDA":[110],"can":[111,136,182],"distinguish":[112],"ambiguous":[115,140],"echoes":[116,155],"in":[117],"spatial":[119],"domain.":[121],"By":[122],"performing":[123],"beamforming":[125],"after":[126],"compensation,":[128],"echo":[130],"from":[131,139],"desired":[133],"region":[135],"be":[137,183],"extracted":[138],"echoes.":[141],"Then,":[142],"back":[144],"projection":[145],"(BP)":[146],"algorithm":[147],"used":[149],"achieve":[151],"Next,":[153],"all":[157],"channels":[158],"processed":[160],"by":[161],"receive":[163],"beamformers,":[164],"which":[165],"designed":[167],"right":[170],"left":[172],"sides,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"aforementioned":[177],"procedures,":[178],"unambiguous":[180],"image":[181],"obtained.":[184],"Simulation":[185],"results":[186],"verified":[188],"effectiveness":[190],"proposed":[193],"approach.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}