{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005779819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","title":"A Novel Gamma Distributed Random Variable (RV) Generation Method for Clutter Simulation with Non-Integral Shape Parameters","display_name":"A Novel Gamma Distributed Random Variable (RV) Generation Method for Clutter Simulation with Non-Integral Shape Parameters","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005779819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","mag":"3005779819","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32053900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/955/pdf?version=1583226164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/955/pdf?version=1583226164","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935349","display_name":"Shichao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-9946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700376","display_name":"Feng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047157111","display_name":"Chong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7303-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100700376"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.629,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91610168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"955","last_page":"955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7744573354721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shape-parameter","display_name":"Shape parameter","score":0.6226231455802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5815665125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5466268062591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-distribution","display_name":"K-distribution","score":0.5441109538078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5425487160682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.5417327284812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-distribution","display_name":"Gamma distribution","score":0.4854072034358978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4538028836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.4435919523239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4313850998878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40712299942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.39213836193084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.38395416736602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3727062940597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19603469967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18353202939033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7744573354721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199435849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3179293","display_name":"Shape parameter","level":2,"score":0.6226231455802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5815665125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5466268062591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128963836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6322815","display_name":"K-distribution","level":3,"score":0.5441109538078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5425487160682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5417327284812927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149717495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117806","display_name":"Gamma distribution","level":2,"score":0.4854072034358978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4538028836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.4435919523239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4313850998878479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40712299942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.39213836193084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38395416736602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3727062940597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19603469967842102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18353202939033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/955/pdf?version=1583226164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32053900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32053900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae3da0ca9c734ee28ac8e7716986389e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae3da0ca9c734ee28ac8e7716986389e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 4, p 955 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/4/955/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7070307","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7070307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20040955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20040955","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/4/955/pdf?version=1583226164","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005779819.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005779819.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577587698","https://openalex.org/W1982298031","https://openalex.org/W1992511687","https://openalex.org/W2016206553","https://openalex.org/W2025162999","https://openalex.org/W2034783362","https://openalex.org/W2082817376","https://openalex.org/W2108941417","https://openalex.org/W2113162734","https://openalex.org/W2117461093","https://openalex.org/W2140066159","https://openalex.org/W2151398150","https://openalex.org/W2249422965","https://openalex.org/W2539411805","https://openalex.org/W2613165186","https://openalex.org/W2979577658","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302769200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996481683","https://openalex.org/W2101684680","https://openalex.org/W1878624275","https://openalex.org/W2165161896","https://openalex.org/W2372138125","https://openalex.org/W3126414185","https://openalex.org/W1550318993","https://openalex.org/W2099920441","https://openalex.org/W1496753898","https://openalex.org/W2133867541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sea":[0],"clutter":[1,56,126,191],"simulation":[2,127,168,176,192],"is":[3,76,102,128,144],"a":[4,60,116,154,194],"well-known":[5],"research":[6],"endeavour":[7],"in":[8,22,64,130,189],"radar":[9],"detector":[10],"analysis":[11],"and":[12,14,31,68],"design,":[13],"many":[15],"approaches":[16],"to":[17,92],"it":[18],"have":[19,89],"been":[20,90],"proposed":[21,91,129,182],"recent":[23],"years,":[24],"among":[25],"which":[26],"zero":[27],"memory":[28],"non-linear":[29,83],"(ZMNL)":[30],"spherically":[32],"invariant":[33],"random":[34,120],"process":[35],"(SIRP)":[36],"are":[37,159],"the":[38,49,53,65,69,73,81,94,96,107,165,181,190,208],"most":[39],"two":[40],"widely":[41],"used":[42,188],"methods":[43,88,101],"for":[44,125],"compound":[45,54],"Gaussian":[46,55],"distribution.":[47,111],"However,":[48],"shape":[50,142,198],"parameter":[51,199],"of":[52,72,80,99,106,109,167,169,175],"model":[57],"cannot":[58],"be":[59,187],"non-integer":[61,195],"nor":[62],"non-semi-integer":[63,197],"ZMNL":[66],"method,":[67,135],"computational":[70],"complexity":[71],"SIRP":[74],"method":[75,124,183],"very":[77],"high":[78,104],"because":[79,105],"complex":[82],"operation.":[84],"Although":[85],"some":[86],"improved":[87],"solve":[93],"problem,":[95],"fitting":[97,205],"degree":[98,206],"these":[100,114],"not":[103,184],"introduction":[108],"Beta":[110,155,170],"To":[112],"overcome":[113],"disadvantages,":[115],"novel":[117],"Gamma":[118,136,151],"distributed":[119],"variable":[121],"(RV)":[122],"generation":[123],"this":[131],"paper.":[132],"In":[133],"our":[134],"RV":[137,152,156],"with":[138,153,193],"non-integral":[139],"or":[140,196],"non-semi-integral":[141],"parameters":[143,158],"generated":[145],"directly":[146],"by":[147],"multiplying":[148],"an":[149],"integral-shape-parameter":[150],"whose":[157],"larger":[160],"than":[161,207],"0.5,":[162],"thus":[163],"avoiding":[164],"deviation":[166],"RV.":[171],"A":[172],"large":[173],"number":[174],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"show":[179],"that":[180],"only":[185],"can":[186],"value,":[200],"but":[201],"also":[202],"has":[203],"higher":[204],"existing":[209],"methods.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
