{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004905341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","title":"An Improved Pedestrian Ttracking Method Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and Pedestrian Dead Reckoning","display_name":"An Improved Pedestrian Ttracking Method Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and Pedestrian Dead Reckoning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004905341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","mag":"3004905341","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/853/pdf?version=1581413863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/853/pdf?version=1581413863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778556","display_name":"Bo Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3233-3526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033153663","display_name":"Wei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060295515","display_name":"Guofa Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofa Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101916098","display_name":"Xiaohong Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-4779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electriacl and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100778556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.3028,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53976218,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"853","last_page":"853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.807246208190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.688086211681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587665677070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.6307357549667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6032580137252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5965295433998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.5159803032875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5088677406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.48058080673217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4332141876220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.430787056684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4120686948299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38931140303611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3699992895126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3265901803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2599516808986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.25980234146118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20049482583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07974269986152649}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.807246208190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.688086211681366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587665677070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.6307357549667358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6032580137252808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5965295433998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.5159803032875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5088677406311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.48058080673217773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4332141876220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.430787056684494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4120686948299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38931140303611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3699992895126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3265901803970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2599516808986664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.25980234146118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20049482583999634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07974269986152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/853/pdf?version=1581413863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32033499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:063872c7115245f9be1ac172ccc9bb85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/063872c7115245f9be1ac172ccc9bb85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 3, p 853 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/3/853/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7039223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7039223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030853","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030853","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/853/pdf?version=1581413863","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6195110959","display_name":"\u4f4e\u7ef4\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8947784895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61811530325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324977","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004905341.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004905341.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572966675","https://openalex.org/W1649579452","https://openalex.org/W1964122991","https://openalex.org/W1969937377","https://openalex.org/W1993793087","https://openalex.org/W1998552594","https://openalex.org/W2011502582","https://openalex.org/W2038791641","https://openalex.org/W2058937501","https://openalex.org/W2080823437","https://openalex.org/W2085515156","https://openalex.org/W2096486534","https://openalex.org/W2112737587","https://openalex.org/W2114254062","https://openalex.org/W2128587884","https://openalex.org/W2136986649","https://openalex.org/W2137279681","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2153054365","https://openalex.org/W2160146756","https://openalex.org/W2162785138","https://openalex.org/W2163527937","https://openalex.org/W2163965192","https://openalex.org/W2164799987","https://openalex.org/W2167251937","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2295923664","https://openalex.org/W2373081500","https://openalex.org/W2402514617","https://openalex.org/W2474281075","https://openalex.org/W2515976631","https://openalex.org/W2534482937","https://openalex.org/W2535547924","https://openalex.org/W2538535315","https://openalex.org/W2549478376","https://openalex.org/W2621353408","https://openalex.org/W2768329905","https://openalex.org/W2890196784","https://openalex.org/W2893562258","https://openalex.org/W2912992333","https://openalex.org/W2920133319","https://openalex.org/W2963337882","https://openalex.org/W2963552212","https://openalex.org/W3102327032","https://openalex.org/W3203854799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087485917","https://openalex.org/W3005892436","https://openalex.org/W3011156758","https://openalex.org/W4294113342","https://openalex.org/W2069229008","https://openalex.org/W2936887342","https://openalex.org/W3115461992","https://openalex.org/W3202473970","https://openalex.org/W4287993465","https://openalex.org/W4313886815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wi-Fi":[0,12,44,91,114,128,163,182,259],"based":[1,45,129,234,238,260,263],"positioning":[2,246],"has":[3],"great":[4],"potential":[5],"for":[6,31,39,111,160,177],"use":[7],"in":[8,16,123,257,269],"indoor":[9,18],"environments":[10],"because":[11,71],"signals":[13],"are":[14,172,187],"near-ubiquitous":[15],"many":[17,96],"environments.":[19],"With":[20,216],"a":[21,79,151],"Reference":[22],"Fingerprint":[23],"Map":[24],"(RFM),":[25],"fingerprint":[26],"matching":[27],"can":[28,36,75,198],"be":[29,37,76,199],"adopted":[30,38,51,70,99,173,188],"positioning.":[32,46],"Much":[33],"assisting":[34,54],"information":[35,55,62,89],"increasing":[40],"the":[41,49,57,72,88,127,135,140,148,169,178,202,206,210,225,249],"accuracy":[42],"of":[43,48,53,90,113,162,204,209],"One":[47],"most":[50],"pieces":[52],"is":[56,68,118,157,252,266],"Pedestrian":[58],"Dead":[59],"Reckoning":[60],"(PDR)":[61],"derived":[63],"from":[64],"inertial":[65,73],"measurements.":[66],"This":[67],"widely":[69],"measurements":[74],"acquired":[77],"through":[78],"Commercial":[80],"Off":[81],"The":[82,196],"Shelf":[83],"(COTS)":[84],"smartphone.":[85],"To":[86],"integrate":[87],"fingerprinting":[92,115,130,164,183],"and":[93,105,116,139,165,184,220,235,244,261],"PDR":[94,117,166,185,262],"information,":[95],"methods":[97,239],"have":[98],"filters,":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102,174],"Kalman":[103,154,232],"filters":[104],"particle":[106,236],"filters.":[107],"A":[108],"new":[109],"methodology":[110],"integration":[112,149,161],"proposed":[119,226,250],"using":[120],"graph":[121],"optimization":[122,179],"this":[124],"paper.":[125],"For":[126],"part,":[131,150],"our":[132],"method":[133,227,251],"adopts":[134],"state-of-art":[136],"hierarchical":[137],"structure":[138],"Penalized":[141],"Logarithmic":[142],"Gaussian":[143],"Distance":[144],"(PLGD)":[145],"metric.":[146],"In":[147],"simple":[152],"extended":[153],"filter":[155,233,237],"(EKF)":[156],"first":[158],"used":[159],"results.":[167,215],"Then,":[168],"tracking":[170,214],"results":[171,186],"initial":[175],"values":[176],"block,":[180],"where":[181],"to":[189,255],"form":[190],"an":[191],"concentrated":[192],"cost":[193],"function":[194],"(CCF).":[195],"CCF":[197],"minimized":[200],"with":[201,212,240],"aim":[203],"finding":[205],"optimal":[207],"poses":[208],"user":[211],"better":[213,229],"both":[217,241,258],"real-scenario":[218],"experiments":[219],"simulations,":[221],"we":[222],"show":[223],"that":[224],"performs":[228],"than":[230],"classical":[231],"less":[242],"average":[243],"maximum":[245],"error.":[247],"Additionally,":[248],"more":[253],"robust":[254],"outliers":[256],"results,":[264],"which":[265],"commonly":[267],"seen":[268],"practical":[270],"situations.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}