{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995201574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","title":"A Cost Analysis of Implementing a Blockchain Architecture in a Smart Grid Scenario Using Sidechains","display_name":"A Cost Analysis of Implementing a Blockchain Architecture in a Smart Grid Scenario Using Sidechains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995201574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","mag":"2995201574","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/843/pdf?version=1580888567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/843/pdf?version=1580888567","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008920710","display_name":"Iago Sestrem Och\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-7829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118451","display_name":"Instituto Federal Catarinense","ror":"https://ror.org/02f8h1m78","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118451"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144729","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/041pjwa23","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iago Sestrem Och\u00f4a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica e Redes de Computadores, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Brusque 88354-300, Brazil","Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0425-7829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica e Redes de Computadores, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Brusque 88354-300, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118451"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087186391","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Augusto Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-4586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144729","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/041pjwa23","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Augusto Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-4586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014847884","display_name":"Gabriel de Mello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-0503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144729","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/041pjwa23","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel de Mello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-0503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021852786","display_name":"Nuno M. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-3168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuno M. Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3195-3168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875","https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086486709","display_name":"Juan F. De Paz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Francisco de Paz Santana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Expert Systems and Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-7922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Expert Systems and Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos s/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038022273","display_name":"Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-9271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161321875","display_name":"University of Beira Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/03nf36p02","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144729","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Itaja\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/041pjwa23","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88596544","display_name":"Universidade Lus\u00f3fona","ror":"https://ror.org/05xxfer42","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88596544"]}],"countries":["BR","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["COPELABS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal","Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-9271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COPELABS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88596544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161321875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Embedded and Distributed Systems-LEDS, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144729"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008920710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118451","https://openalex.org/I4210144729"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.1919,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97864829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"843","last_page":"843"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9491000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9337847828865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5885152816772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5343450903892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5005321502685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.47648686170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.43711191415786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3820975422859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3148897886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14826947450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11632528901100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08960229158401489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9337847828865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5885152816772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5343450903892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5005321502685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.47648686170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.43711191415786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3820975422859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3148897886276245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14826947450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11632528901100159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08960229158401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/843/pdf?version=1580888567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32033254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32033254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d002ca0530254e338f19c5cd25713057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d002ca0530254e338f19c5cd25713057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 3, p 843 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/3/843/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7038678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7038678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20030843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030843","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/843/pdf?version=1580888567","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1568045637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019TR169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323349","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado de Santa Catarina"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1781884919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/EEA/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","funder_display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3850789590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"50008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8766521297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/EEA/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323349","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado de Santa Catarina","ror":"https://ror.org/0503xdx77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/045b9pr88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995201574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995201574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W1892452466","https://openalex.org/W1973309971","https://openalex.org/W1975153313","https://openalex.org/W1980790708","https://openalex.org/W2030949386","https://openalex.org/W2047614203","https://openalex.org/W2047842319","https://openalex.org/W2090574884","https://openalex.org/W2100639514","https://openalex.org/W2101269849","https://openalex.org/W2182035090","https://openalex.org/W2605286532","https://openalex.org/W2611565958","https://openalex.org/W2735656452","https://openalex.org/W2783159385","https://openalex.org/W2806199268","https://openalex.org/W2896995504","https://openalex.org/W2908737503","https://openalex.org/W2909202584","https://openalex.org/W2913937441","https://openalex.org/W2930408285","https://openalex.org/W2937737637","https://openalex.org/W2958007817","https://openalex.org/W2963507231","https://openalex.org/W2964417155","https://openalex.org/W2970903179","https://openalex.org/W2972850838","https://openalex.org/W2980328123","https://openalex.org/W2981172358","https://openalex.org/W2985022783","https://openalex.org/W2999738813","https://openalex.org/W3105959039","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4251083369","https://openalex.org/W6673252439","https://openalex.org/W6793285265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0,174],"grid":[1,134],"systems":[2,17,34],"have":[3,108],"become":[4],"popular":[5],"and":[6,49,96,150,160,177,186],"necessary":[7,67],"for":[8,93,193],"the":[9,26,29,44,70,79,103,119,125,132,147,163,167,172,202,205],"development":[10],"of":[11,28,43,56,62,72,121,204],"a":[12,40,59,139],"sustainable":[13],"power":[14],"grid.":[15],"These":[16],"use":[18,120],"different":[19,100,105,116,122,130],"technologies":[20],"to":[21,25,68,88,111,145,156],"provide":[22],"optimized":[23],"services":[24,37],"users":[27],"network.":[30],"Regarding":[31],"computing,":[32],"these":[33],"optimize":[35],"electrical":[36],"by":[38],"processing":[39],"large":[41,60],"amount":[42,61],"data":[45,63,76,206],"generated.":[46],"However,":[47,118],"privacy":[48,71,95,187],"security":[50,97,185],"are":[51,188],"essential":[52],"in":[53,99,115,131,162,195],"this":[54,75],"kind":[55],"system.":[57,164],"With":[58],"generated,":[64],"it":[65,191],"is":[66],"protect":[69],"users,":[73],"because":[74],"may":[77],"reveal":[78],"users'":[80],"personal":[81],"information.":[82],"Today,":[83],"blockchain":[84,106,140],"technology":[85],"has":[86],"proven":[87],"be":[89],"an":[90],"efficient":[91],"architecture":[92,141,184],"solving":[94],"problems":[98,114],"scenarios.":[101],"Over":[102],"years,":[104],"platforms":[107,123],"emerged,":[109],"attempting":[110],"solve":[112],"specific":[113],"areas.":[117],"fragmented":[124],"market,":[126],"which":[127],"was":[128],"no":[129],"smart":[133,178],"scenario.":[135],"This":[136],"work":[137],"proposes":[138],"that":[142,183],"uses":[143],"sidechains":[144],"make":[146],"system":[148],"scalable":[149],"adaptable.":[151],"We":[152],"used":[153,171],"three":[154],"blockchains":[155],"ensure":[157],"privacy,":[158],"security,":[159],"trust":[161],"To":[165],"universalize":[166],"proposed":[168],"solution,":[169],"we":[170],"Open":[173],"Grid":[175],"Protocol":[176],"contracts.":[179],"The":[180],"results":[181],"show":[182],"guaranteed,":[189],"making":[190],"feasible":[192],"implementation":[194],"real":[196],"systems;":[197],"although":[198],"scalability":[199],"issues":[200],"regarding":[201],"storage":[203],"generated":[207],"still":[208],"exist.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2019-12-26T00:00:00"}