{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995619950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","title":"Gas Sensor Array and Classifiers as a Means of Varroosis Detection","display_name":"Gas Sensor Array and Classifiers as a Means of Varroosis Detection","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995619950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","mag":"2995619950","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/117/pdf?version=1577717490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/117/pdf?version=1577717490","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039407437","display_name":"Andrzej Szczurek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-4552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Szczurek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026016940","display_name":"Monika Maciejewska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6472-7944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11923345","display_name":"Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/008fyn775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11923345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monika Maciejewska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Wybrze\u017ce Wyspia\u0144skiego 27, 50-370 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082467491","display_name":"Beata B\u0105k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beata B\u0105k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9383-5335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003188336","display_name":"Jakub Wilk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4692-5474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Wilk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017950431","display_name":"J. Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-7957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerzy Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3137-7957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040445043","display_name":"Maciej Siuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-8688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47996466","display_name":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","ror":"https://ror.org/05s4feg49","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Siuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apiculture Department, Warmia and Mazury University in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 48, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47996466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026016940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11923345","https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.8312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90045249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"117","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11641","display_name":"Insect and Pesticide Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11641","display_name":"Insect and Pesticide Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7516785860061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-detection","display_name":"Fire detection","score":0.6137344837188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beehive","display_name":"Beehive","score":0.6113436818122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/varroa-destructor","display_name":"Varroa destructor","score":0.5674155950546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4945785701274872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.46808677911758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46453171968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44836634397506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honey-bee","display_name":"Honey bee","score":0.42687445878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-rate","display_name":"False positive rate","score":0.4216729998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41329675912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22846972942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.22298139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.10084259510040283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7516785860061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780836893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19922674","display_name":"Fire detection","level":2,"score":0.6137344837188721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165107","display_name":"Beehive","level":2,"score":0.6113436818122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779381614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48564","display_name":"Varroa destructor","level":3,"score":0.5674155950546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4945785701274872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.46808677911758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46453171968460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44836634397506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777907900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102857","display_name":"Honey bee","level":2,"score":0.42687445878982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95922358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432725","display_name":"False positive rate","level":2,"score":0.4216729998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41329675912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22846972942352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22298139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10084259510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/117/pdf?version=1577717490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31878107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72d5a59131f5455d90c8caae7f715425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72d5a59131f5455d90c8caae7f715425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 1, p 117 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/1/117/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6983005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6983005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010117","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/117/pdf?version=1577717490","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2156696219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BIOSTRATEG3/343779/10/NCBR/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","funder_display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335039","display_name":"Narodowe Centrum Bada\u0144 i Rozwoju","ror":"https://ror.org/05pwfyy15"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995619950.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W251464450","https://openalex.org/W1966551000","https://openalex.org/W1970192773","https://openalex.org/W1973852242","https://openalex.org/W1989950657","https://openalex.org/W1997082874","https://openalex.org/W1999795521","https://openalex.org/W2004907683","https://openalex.org/W2005686047","https://openalex.org/W2011395317","https://openalex.org/W2039222602","https://openalex.org/W2063789352","https://openalex.org/W2078820275","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2133440845","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2275139550","https://openalex.org/W2316576656","https://openalex.org/W2407429792","https://openalex.org/W2792388868","https://openalex.org/W2884021628","https://openalex.org/W2912585154","https://openalex.org/W2940639872","https://openalex.org/W2945623873","https://openalex.org/W2962715720","https://openalex.org/W2963995144","https://openalex.org/W2964074670","https://openalex.org/W2965508444","https://openalex.org/W6609568694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070817492","https://openalex.org/W2174780419","https://openalex.org/W2079508682","https://openalex.org/W3087076821","https://openalex.org/W2286757253","https://openalex.org/W3045388706","https://openalex.org/W2117530198","https://openalex.org/W4385071477","https://openalex.org/W2049917911","https://openalex.org/W2126364818"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"mite,":[0],"based":[1,24],"on":[2,25],"the":[3,6,41,54,57,64,71,74,81,84,116,136,145,156,169,186,203],"measurements":[4],"of":[5,9,15,21,36,56,68,76,83,103,123,140,144,182,188,202],"chemical":[7],"properties":[8],"beehive":[10],"air.":[11],"The":[12,34,121,142,150,180],"efficient":[13],"detection":[14,22,37,104,205],"varroosis":[16],"was":[17,38,126,148],"demonstrated.":[18],"This":[19],"method":[20,58],"is":[23],"a":[26,108],"semiconductor":[27],"gas":[28],"sensor":[29,89],"array":[30,90],"and":[31,46,66,79,129,163,167,176,185],"classification":[32,85,146,152,189],"module.":[33],"efficiency":[35],"characterized":[39],"by":[40,132],"true":[42,47],"positive":[43],"rate":[44,49],"(TPR)":[45],"negative":[48],"(TNR).":[50],"Several":[51],"factors":[52],"influencing":[53],"performance":[55,201],"were":[59,105],"determined.":[60],"They":[61],"were:":[62],"(1)":[63],"number":[65],"kind":[67],"sensors,":[69],"(2)":[70],"classifier,":[72],"(3)":[73],"group":[75],"bee":[77,124,183],"colonies,":[78],"(4)":[80],"balance":[82,143,187],"data":[86,147,158,171,190],"set.":[87],"Gas":[88],"outperformed":[91],"single":[92],"sensors.":[93,100],"It":[94],"should":[95],"include":[96],"at":[97],"least":[98],"four":[99],"Better":[101],"results":[102,153],"attained":[106],"with":[107,115],"support":[109],"vector":[110],"machine":[111],"(SVM)":[112],"as":[113],"compared":[114],"k-nearest":[117],"neighbors":[118],"(k-NN)":[119],"algorithm.":[120],"selection":[122,181],"colonies":[125,184],"important.":[127],"TPR":[128,160],"TNR":[130,164],"differed":[131],"several":[133],"percent":[134],"for":[135,155,168],"two":[137],"examined":[138],"groups":[139],"colonies.":[141],"crucial.":[149],"average":[151],"were,":[154],"balanced":[157],"set:":[159,172],"=":[161,165,174,178],"0.93":[162],"0.95,":[166],"imbalanced":[170],"TP":[173],"0.95":[175],"FP":[177],"0.53.":[179],"set":[191],"have":[192],"to":[193,198],"be":[194],"controlled":[195],"in":[196],"order":[197],"attain":[199],"high":[200],"proposed":[204],"method.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}