{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2995675231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","title":"High Efficient and Ultra Wide Band Monopole Antenna for Microwave Imaging and Communication Applications","display_name":"High Efficient and Ultra Wide Band Monopole Antenna for Microwave Imaging and Communication Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2995675231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","mag":"2995675231","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/115/pdf?version=1577690618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/115/pdf?version=1577690618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004864601","display_name":"Shahid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-8915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061585999","display_name":"Cunjun Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-9333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cunjun Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Microwave Sensing and Security Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-9333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Microwave Sensing and Security Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020414145","display_name":"Muhammad Shahzad Sadiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2923-8712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahzad Sadiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2923-8712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016179369","display_name":"Tanveer Ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-583X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030053520","display_name":"Wenlong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7018-0527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061585999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":68.0087,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99792509,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"115","last_page":"115"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6020064949989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.5631735920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopole-antenna","display_name":"Monopole antenna","score":0.5358712673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5310423970222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-wideband","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","score":0.5176006555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miniaturization","display_name":"Miniaturization","score":0.5122222304344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4989125728607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4314765930175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.4289702773094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3846295177936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38357794284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.35041162371635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3423314690589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.33304888010025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28726497292518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23636522889137268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6020064949989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.5631735920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95496425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1466248","display_name":"Monopole antenna","level":3,"score":0.5358712673187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5310423970222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21916231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851424","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","level":2,"score":0.5176006555557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57528182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842","display_name":"Miniaturization","level":2,"score":0.5122222304344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4989125728607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4314765930175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.4289702773094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3846295177936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38357794284820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.35041162371635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3423314690589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.33304888010025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28726497292518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23636522889137268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/115/pdf?version=1577690618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31878109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1d0afa272a2d4abc830bec0179a2a46b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1d0afa272a2d4abc830bec0179a2a46b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 1, p 115 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/1/115/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6982843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6982843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010115","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/115/pdf?version=1577690618","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2244799429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995675231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2995675231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045006420","https://openalex.org/W2058297365","https://openalex.org/W2059421666","https://openalex.org/W2072291323","https://openalex.org/W2073789401","https://openalex.org/W2081946115","https://openalex.org/W2102607647","https://openalex.org/W2103578410","https://openalex.org/W2108423347","https://openalex.org/W2126216944","https://openalex.org/W2136120241","https://openalex.org/W2220640783","https://openalex.org/W2406889448","https://openalex.org/W2438721646","https://openalex.org/W2462599028","https://openalex.org/W2463473889","https://openalex.org/W2512165529","https://openalex.org/W2574638327","https://openalex.org/W2753782944","https://openalex.org/W2784080658","https://openalex.org/W2789687206","https://openalex.org/W2794218048","https://openalex.org/W2797762656","https://openalex.org/W2801901026","https://openalex.org/W2806921375","https://openalex.org/W2809345498","https://openalex.org/W2810180903","https://openalex.org/W2888259304","https://openalex.org/W2906773137","https://openalex.org/W2910925488","https://openalex.org/W2923410966","https://openalex.org/W6678675417","https://openalex.org/W6753315496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035246094","https://openalex.org/W2114172457","https://openalex.org/W4296475844","https://openalex.org/W2167949912","https://openalex.org/W2012663812","https://openalex.org/W2556193319","https://openalex.org/W2130125604","https://openalex.org/W2315304574","https://openalex.org/W2344563400","https://openalex.org/W1983776265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,86,102,149],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,144],"highly":[4],"efficient,":[5],"low":[6],"cost,":[7],"ultra-wideband,":[8],"microstrip":[9],"monopole":[10],"antenna":[11,61,106,142],"for":[12,50,165],"microwave":[13],"imaging":[14],"and":[15,38,57,78,88,95,116,185],"wireless":[16],"communications":[17],"applications.":[18],"A":[19],"new":[20],"structure":[21,49],"(z-shape,":[22],"ultra-wideband":[23,194],"(UWB)":[24],"monopole)":[25],"is":[26,63,121,134,152,161],"designed,":[27],"which":[28],"consists":[29],"of":[30,69,74,82,104,159,193,198],"stepped":[31],"meander":[32,70],"lines":[33],"to":[34,45,53,163],"achieve":[35,54],"super-wide":[36],"bandwidth":[37,62,146],"high":[39,55,145],"efficiency.":[40],"Three":[41],"steps":[42],"are":[43,92,107,171],"used":[44],"design":[46],"the":[47,51,67,75,80,83,105,136,166,191,196,199],"proposed":[48],"purpose":[52],"efficiency":[56,160],"wide":[58],"bandwidth.":[59],"enhanced":[64],"by":[65],"varying":[66,153],"length":[68],"line":[71,77],"slots,":[72],"optimization":[73],"feeding":[76],"with":[79],"miniaturization":[81],"ground":[84],"width.":[85],"simulated":[87],"measured":[89,172],"frequency":[90,138],"bands":[91],"2.7-22.5":[93],"GHz":[94,97],"2.8-22.7":[96],"(156%":[98],"fractional":[99],"bandwidth),":[100],"respectively.":[101],"dimensions":[103],"38":[108],"mm":[109,112],"\u00d7":[110,113,124,127],"35":[111],"1.57":[114],"mm,":[115],"its":[117],"corresponding":[118],"electrical":[119],"size":[120],"2.41":[122],"\u03bbg":[123,126,133],"2.22":[125],"0.09":[128],"\u03bbg,":[129],"where":[130],"guided":[131],"wavelength":[132],"at":[135,173],"center":[137],"(12.75":[139],"GHz).":[140],"This":[141],"achieved":[143],"ratio":[147],"(8.33:1).":[148],"realized":[150],"gain":[151],"from":[154],"1.6-6.4":[155],"dBi,":[156],"while":[157],"that":[158,189],"70%":[162],"93%":[164],"whole":[167],"band.":[168],"Radiation":[169],"patterns":[170],"four":[174],"operating":[175],"frequencies.":[176],"It":[177],"has":[178],"an":[179],"acceptable":[180],"group":[181],"delay,":[182],"fidelity":[183],"factor,":[184],"phase":[186],"variation":[187],"results":[188],"satisfy":[190],"limit":[192],"in":[195],"form":[197],"time":[200],"domain.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}