{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994999286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","title":"Adaptive Estimation of Spatial Clutter Measurement Density Using Clutter Measurement Probability for Enhanced Multi-Target Tracking","display_name":"Adaptive Estimation of Spatial Clutter Measurement Density Using Clutter Measurement Probability for Enhanced Multi-Target Tracking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994999286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","mag":"2994999286","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/114/pdf?version=1577702313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/114/pdf?version=1577702313","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110902022","display_name":"Seung Hyo Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hyo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051520252","display_name":"Sa Yong Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa Yong Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076384646","display_name":"Hyung June Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung June Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028365881","display_name":"Taek Lyul Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taek Lyul Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-1787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028365881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2824,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67247325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"114","last_page":"114"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9731793403625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6820225715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6177047491073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5527955293655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5324526429176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stationary-target-indication","display_name":"Stationary target indication","score":0.5073453783988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5044530630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4644380211830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.45969051122665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4456850290298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35324931144714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.26693427562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2228797972202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1726461946964264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.11068114638328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09286347031593323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9731793403625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6820225715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6177047491073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5527955293655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5324526429176331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51196962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16966352","display_name":"Stationary target indication","level":5,"score":0.5073453783988953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5044530630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4644380211830139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.45969051122665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4456850290298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35324931144714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.26693427562713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2228797972202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1726461946964264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.11068114638328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09286347031593323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/114/pdf?version=1577702313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31878095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31878095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26c858e908974dbf8ca0c76f4c491e40","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26c858e908974dbf8ca0c76f4c491e40","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 20, Iss 1, p 114 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5997576","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6994967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/20/1/114/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s20010114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010114","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/1/114/pdf?version=1577702313","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994999286.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994999286.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576301840","https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1531929238","https://openalex.org/W2001988192","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2018914457","https://openalex.org/W2019946978","https://openalex.org/W2033022865","https://openalex.org/W2043240002","https://openalex.org/W2043795570","https://openalex.org/W2062957951","https://openalex.org/W2072700528","https://openalex.org/W2097183228","https://openalex.org/W2109340887","https://openalex.org/W2116697437","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2139238196","https://openalex.org/W2140242774","https://openalex.org/W2141080731","https://openalex.org/W2146539768","https://openalex.org/W2150440166","https://openalex.org/W2151045862","https://openalex.org/W2154616225","https://openalex.org/W2157222406","https://openalex.org/W2165948751","https://openalex.org/W2346377498","https://openalex.org/W2905125231","https://openalex.org/W3187867541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364502255","https://openalex.org/W2080615845","https://openalex.org/W3000145458","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W3178405604","https://openalex.org/W2100586735","https://openalex.org/W2168293116","https://openalex.org/W2032198414","https://openalex.org/W2349566327","https://openalex.org/W2388883022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,189,220],"point":[1,54],"detections":[2,30],"obtained":[3],"from":[4,31],"radars":[5],"or":[6],"sonars":[7],"in":[8,104,112],"surveillance":[9],"environments":[10],"include":[11],"clutter":[12,41,60,69,77,92,136,165,178,221],"measurements,":[13],"as":[14,16,87,141],"well":[15],"target":[17,50,106,227],"measurements.":[18],"Target":[19],"tracking":[20,51,99,107,119,128,187,202,228],"with":[21,52,122],"these":[22],"data":[23,25,218],"requires":[24],"association,":[26],"which":[27,71,101],"distinguishes":[28],"the":[29,53,58,66,73,76,90,110,123,132,135,149,152,155,162,171,198],"targets":[32],"and":[33,48,131,197,214,226],"clutter.":[34],"Various":[35],"algorithms":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"proposed":[39,140,190],"for":[40,97,126,157,185,233],"measurement":[42,61,78,93,137,166,179,222],"density":[43,62,94,167,180,223],"estimation":[44,181,224],"to":[45,194],"achieve":[46],"accurate":[47],"robust":[49],"detections.":[55],"Among":[56],"them,":[57],"spatial":[59],"estimator":[63],"(SCMDE)":[64],"computes":[65],"sparsity":[67,159,235],"of":[68,75,118,134,151,154,164,200,209],"measurement,":[70],"is":[72,95,129,139,145,192,204],"reciprocal":[74],"density.":[79],"SCMDE":[81,125,184],"considers":[82],"all":[83],"adjacent":[84],"measurements":[85],"only":[86],"clutter,":[88],"so":[89],"estimated":[91],"biased":[96],"multi-target":[98,127,186,195,201],"applications,":[100],"may":[102],"result":[103],"degraded":[105],"performance.":[108],"Through":[109],"study":[111],"this":[113],"paper,":[114],"a":[115,142,175,207,215],"major":[116],"source":[117],"performance":[120,203,225,229],"degradation":[121],"existing":[124],"analyzed,":[130],"use":[133],"probability":[138],"remedy.":[143],"It":[144],"also":[146,231],"found":[147],"that":[148],"expansion":[150],"volume":[153],"hyper-sphere":[156],"each":[158],"order":[160],"reduces":[161],"bias":[163],"estimates.":[168],"Based":[169],"on":[170],"analysis,":[172],"we":[173],"propose":[174],"new":[176],"adaptive":[177],"method":[182,191],"called":[183],"(MTT-SCMDE).":[188],"applied":[193],"tracking,":[196],"improvement":[199],"shown":[205],"by":[206],"series":[208],"Monte":[210],"Carlo":[211],"simulation":[212],"runs":[213],"real":[216],"radar":[217],"test.":[219],"are":[230],"analyzed":[232],"various":[234],"orders.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}