{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989741788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","title":"A CMOS Low Pass Filter for SoC Lock-in-Based Measurement Devices","display_name":"A CMOS Low Pass Filter for SoC Lock-in-Based Measurement Devices","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989741788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","mag":"2989741788","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31779162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19235173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/23/5173/pdf?version=1574763444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/23/5173/pdf?version=1574763444","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068224246","display_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez\u2010Bail\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-5703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260899","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/04eqgej32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge P\u00e9rez-Bail\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-5703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009944115","display_name":"B. Calvo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-1077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260899","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/04eqgej32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bel\u00e9n Calvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045657781","display_name":"N. Medrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-3013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260899","display_name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ingenier\u00eda de Arag\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/04eqgej32","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicol\u00e1s Medrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5380-3013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design, Aragon Institute for Engineering Research, I3A, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068224246"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318","https://openalex.org/I4405260899"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.8245,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68991587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"23","first_page":"5173","last_page":"5173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6697798371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5686041116714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock-in-amplifier","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","score":0.5488045811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5417256355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5191494822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff-frequency","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","score":0.5062467455863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4725971817970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4471566379070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.43070825934410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4283861219882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3425039052963257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6697798371315002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5686041116714478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780259410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752933","display_name":"Lock-in amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5488045811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5417256355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5191494822502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6142545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455881","display_name":"Cutoff frequency","level":2,"score":0.5062467455863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4725971817970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4471566379070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.43070825934410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4283861219882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3425039052963257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19235173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/23/5173/pdf?version=1574763444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31779162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31779162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5881397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6928706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/23/5173/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zaguan.unizar.es:87614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/87614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402461","display_name":"Zaguan (Universidad de Zaragoza)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19235173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/23/5173/pdf?version=1574763444","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G915920755","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2015-65750-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324111","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326262","display_name":"Ministerio de Asuntos Econ\u00f3micos y Transformaci\u00f3n Digital, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/03sv46s19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989741788.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989741788.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968239505","https://openalex.org/W1990261079","https://openalex.org/W2019042123","https://openalex.org/W2020120823","https://openalex.org/W2032268434","https://openalex.org/W2033803490","https://openalex.org/W2051819300","https://openalex.org/W2068267238","https://openalex.org/W2069939083","https://openalex.org/W2078169838","https://openalex.org/W2096987478","https://openalex.org/W2122744929","https://openalex.org/W2125218850","https://openalex.org/W2134458360","https://openalex.org/W2135513236","https://openalex.org/W2146385727","https://openalex.org/W2152015392","https://openalex.org/W2153232339","https://openalex.org/W2154071097","https://openalex.org/W2165948205","https://openalex.org/W2223408663","https://openalex.org/W2316679782","https://openalex.org/W2402254972","https://openalex.org/W2501921835","https://openalex.org/W2565625374","https://openalex.org/W2572225231","https://openalex.org/W2578069930","https://openalex.org/W2604208680","https://openalex.org/W2613835179","https://openalex.org/W2753095659","https://openalex.org/W2771108277","https://openalex.org/W2774495302","https://openalex.org/W2779486016","https://openalex.org/W2801531196","https://openalex.org/W2802706722","https://openalex.org/W2802807873","https://openalex.org/W2901622545","https://openalex.org/W2904273626","https://openalex.org/W2972478211","https://openalex.org/W2973443498","https://openalex.org/W6642739411","https://openalex.org/W6658668052","https://openalex.org/W6663496864","https://openalex.org/W6674720848","https://openalex.org/W6677917014","https://openalex.org/W6680169238","https://openalex.org/W6681407791","https://openalex.org/W6682576790","https://openalex.org/W6682944990","https://openalex.org/W6689317533","https://openalex.org/W6736130354","https://openalex.org/W6738057724","https://openalex.org/W6744148429","https://openalex.org/W6756995878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2540538849","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2027390341","https://openalex.org/W2585333696","https://openalex.org/W2347877619","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W1999743466","https://openalex.org/W2032191016","https://openalex.org/W4382119001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,125],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,28,36,39,46,58,75,87],"fully":[4,107],"integrated":[5,44],"Gm\u2013C":[6],"low":[7],"pass":[8],"filter":[9],"(LPF)":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12],"current":[14,77,134],"steering":[15],"Gm":[16],"reduction-tuning":[17],"technique,":[18],"specifically":[19],"designed":[20],"to":[21,49,72,95,139,153],"operate":[22],"as":[23,143],"the":[24,98,109,133,144,154],"output":[25],"stage":[26],"of":[27,66,70,112,119,127,156],"SoC":[29],"lock-in":[30],"amplifier.":[31],"To":[32],"validate":[33],"this":[34],"proposal,":[35],"first-order":[37],"and":[38,86,123,147],"second-order":[40],"single-ended":[41],"topology":[42],"were":[43],"into":[45,131],"1.8":[47],"V":[48],"0.18":[50],"\u00b5m":[51],"CMOS":[52],"(Complementary":[53],"Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)":[54],"process,":[55],"showing":[56],"experimentally":[57],"tuneable":[59],"cutoff":[60],"frequency":[61],"that":[62],"spanned":[63],"five":[64],"orders":[65],"magnitude,":[67],"from":[68],"tens":[69],"mHz":[71],"kHz,":[73],"with":[74],"constant":[76],"consumption":[78,149],"(below":[79],"3":[80],"\u00b5A/pole),":[81],"compact":[82],"size":[83],"(&lt;0.0140":[84],"mm2/pole),":[85],"dynamic":[88],"range":[89],"better":[90],"than":[91],"70":[92],"dB.":[93],"Compared":[94],"state-of-the-art":[96],"solutions,":[97],"proposed":[99],"approach":[100],"exhibited":[101],"very":[102],"competitive":[103],"performances":[104],"while":[105],"simultaneously":[106],"satisfying":[108],"demanding":[110],"requirements":[111],"on-chip":[113],"portable":[114],"measurement":[115],"systems":[116],"in":[117],"terms":[118],"highly":[120],"efficient":[121],"area":[122,146],"power.":[124],"is":[126],"special":[128],"relevance,":[129],"taking":[130],"account":[132],"trend":[135],"towards":[136],"multichannel":[137],"instruments":[138],"process":[140],"sensor":[141],"arrays,":[142],"total":[145],"power":[148],"will":[150],"be":[151],"proportional":[152],"number":[155],"channels.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-13T07:04:57.449891","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
