{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986993016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","title":"A Subset-Reduced Method for FDE ARAIM of Tightly-Coupled GNSS/INS","display_name":"A Subset-Reduced Method for FDE ARAIM of Tightly-Coupled GNSS/INS","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986993016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","mag":"2986993016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31703288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19224847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4847/pdf?version=1573114713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4847/pdf?version=1573114713","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053750077","display_name":"Weichuan Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichuan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055558224","display_name":"Xingqun Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingqun Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040771174","display_name":"Xin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-9924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-9924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035650506","display_name":"Shizhuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-2281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shizhuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3518-2281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055558224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.1954,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97115849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"22","first_page":"4847","last_page":"4847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-autonomous-integrity-monitoring","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","score":0.9532957077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9247115254402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6286550164222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5358959436416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.48635441064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4783613085746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.4556884467601776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44591405987739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.43595969676971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4301723837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.42541268467903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.4233204424381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.3581677973270416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27055060863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-frame-of-reference","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","score":0.18967264890670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09568774700164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.09033998847007751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94821174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2135146","display_name":"Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring","level":4,"score":0.9532957077026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9247115254402161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6286550164222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5358959436416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.48635441064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4783613085746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.4556884467601776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44591405987739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.43595969676971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4301723837852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.42541268467903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.4233204424381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.3581677973270416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27055060863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173386949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192735","display_name":"Inertial frame of reference","level":2,"score":0.18967264890670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09568774700164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09033998847007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19224847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4847/pdf?version=1573114713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31703288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31703288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bf38920192b4886bd53d71eb650e0d6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bf38920192b4886bd53d71eb650e0d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 22, p 4847 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/22/4847/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6891330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6891330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19224847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19224847","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/22/4847/pdf?version=1573114713","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986993016.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558685142","https://openalex.org/W1560146954","https://openalex.org/W1876120984","https://openalex.org/W1964062741","https://openalex.org/W2002947147","https://openalex.org/W2017663304","https://openalex.org/W2080647722","https://openalex.org/W2089074378","https://openalex.org/W2111390341","https://openalex.org/W2121699695","https://openalex.org/W2126038412","https://openalex.org/W2171204271","https://openalex.org/W2204230881","https://openalex.org/W2284277765","https://openalex.org/W2473291078","https://openalex.org/W2505852573","https://openalex.org/W2515453889","https://openalex.org/W2595075801","https://openalex.org/W2602454020","https://openalex.org/W2709385615","https://openalex.org/W2738918091","https://openalex.org/W2745638552","https://openalex.org/W2751870418","https://openalex.org/W2772818326","https://openalex.org/W2781561575","https://openalex.org/W2793998589","https://openalex.org/W2799660319","https://openalex.org/W2802488720","https://openalex.org/W2805334430","https://openalex.org/W2805515021","https://openalex.org/W2889259129","https://openalex.org/W2902340917","https://openalex.org/W2904558412","https://openalex.org/W2904808760","https://openalex.org/W3196004469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602809313","https://openalex.org/W3206258668","https://openalex.org/W2119538904","https://openalex.org/W2601752813","https://openalex.org/W4238264291","https://openalex.org/W2364356564","https://openalex.org/W2963814634","https://openalex.org/W3205180365","https://openalex.org/W2546516037","https://openalex.org/W2381587133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,87,114,152],"advanced":[1],"receiver":[2],"autonomous":[3],"integrity":[4,139,144,171,178],"monitoring":[5],"(advanced":[6],"RAIM,":[7],"ARAIM)":[8],"is":[9,16,63,69,99,146,161,173],"the":[10,23,44,51,57,72,76,92,105,110,126,133,137,142,157,165,177],"next":[11],"generation":[12],"of":[13,30,75,89,102,104,125,180],"RAIM":[14],"which":[15,32,108],"widely":[17],"used":[18],"in":[19,34,149],"civil":[20],"aviation.":[21],"However,":[22],"current":[24,106],"ARAIM":[25,67,95,129,160],"needs":[26,96],"to":[27,49,97,135,163,175],"evaluate":[28,50],"hundreds":[29],"subsets,":[31],"results":[33,154],"huge":[35],"computational":[36,111],"loads.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,150],"paper,":[40],"a":[41],"method":[42,134],"using":[43],"subset":[45],"excluding":[46],"entire":[47],"constellation":[48],"single":[52],"satellite":[53,79,167],"fault":[54,61,116,121],"subsets":[55,62,90],"and":[56,82,120,141,169],"simultaneous":[58],"multiple":[59],"satellites":[60],"presented.":[64],"proposed":[66,93,127,158],"algorithm":[68],"based":[70],"on":[71],"tight":[73],"integration":[74],"global":[77],"navigation":[78,84],"system":[80,85],"(GNSS)":[81],"inertial":[83],"(INS).":[86],"number":[88],"that":[91,103,156],"GNSS/INS":[94,128,159],"consider":[98],"about":[100],"2%":[101],"ARAIM,":[107],"reduces":[109],"load":[112],"dramatically.":[113],"detailed":[115],"detection":[117],"(FD)":[118],"process":[119,124],"exclusion":[122],"(FE)":[123],"are":[130],"provided.":[131],"Meanwhile,":[132],"obtain":[136],"FD-only":[138],"bound":[140,145],"after-exclusion":[143],"also":[147],"presented":[148],"paper.":[151],"simulation":[153],"show":[155],"able":[162,174],"find":[164],"failing":[166],"accurately":[168],"its":[170],"performance":[172],"meet":[176],"requirements":[179],"CAT-I":[181],"precision":[182],"approach.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}