{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986516893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","title":"Noncontact Detection of Respiration Rate Based on Forward Scatter Radar","display_name":"Noncontact Detection of Respiration Rate Based on Forward Scatter Radar","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986516893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","mag":"2986516893","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31684132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4778/pdf?version=1573002784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4778/pdf?version=1573002784","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993133","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8768-9450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22046295","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0497ase59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8768-9450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22046295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100295095","display_name":"Zhiming He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049027359","display_name":"Yuanhua Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhua Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420734","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4802-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103140908","display_name":"Kui Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4055-7503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062626945","display_name":"Fangyan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-7755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101993133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I22046295"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.9891,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72599219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4778","last_page":"4778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.8241377472877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6364665031433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.6019461750984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.5841136574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.4902534782886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-detection","display_name":"Radar detection","score":0.4671686887741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4655488431453705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4566146731376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.44987574219703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.42814281582832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.35932090878486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2671424150466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18180236220359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17633268237113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.11024880409240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08380782604217529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.8241377472877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6364665031433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.6019461750984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5841136574745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.4902534782886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.4671686887741089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4655488431453705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4566146731376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44987574219703674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.42814281582832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.35932090878486633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2671424150466919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18180236220359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17633268237113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.11024880409240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08380782604217529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4778/pdf?version=1573002784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31684132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31684132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ad042acf2c640daab4b4b55da0067f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ad042acf2c640daab4b4b55da0067f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 21, p 4778 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/21/4778/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6864815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6864815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214778","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4778/pdf?version=1573002784","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986516893.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986516893.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564872880","https://openalex.org/W1882880737","https://openalex.org/W2045727797","https://openalex.org/W2081822950","https://openalex.org/W2091080960","https://openalex.org/W2099936317","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2101452851","https://openalex.org/W2126283532","https://openalex.org/W2534909787","https://openalex.org/W2618167481","https://openalex.org/W2755383169","https://openalex.org/W2898673686","https://openalex.org/W2912401149","https://openalex.org/W2962415129","https://openalex.org/W6728372898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289848901","https://openalex.org/W2001172292","https://openalex.org/W4311235961","https://openalex.org/W2620866984","https://openalex.org/W1978722267","https://openalex.org/W2100771271","https://openalex.org/W653758809","https://openalex.org/W2766035893","https://openalex.org/W2088829607","https://openalex.org/W2046629653"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bioradar-based":[0],"noncontact":[1],"breathing":[2,54,69],"detection":[3,13,20,55,73,110],"technology":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"widely":[7],"studied":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10],"its":[11],"superior":[12],"performance.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"a":[18,35],"breath":[19],"mechanism":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23],"the":[24,40,43,47,68,77,90,95,101,106,112],"change":[25],"in":[26,57,62,74,120],"radar":[27,38,109],"cross":[28],"section":[29],"(RCS)":[30],"is":[31],"proposed":[32,113],"by":[33],"using":[34],"forward":[36],"scatter":[37],"and":[39,61,85],"deduction":[41],"of":[42,46,89],"mathematical":[44],"model":[45,97],"received":[48],"signal.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"we":[51,66],"completed":[52],"human":[53,78,117],"experiments":[56],"an":[58,63],"anechoic":[59],"chamber":[60],"ordinary":[64],"chamber;":[65],"obtained":[67],"rate":[70],"through":[71],"envelope":[72],"cases":[75],"where":[76],"orientation":[79],"angle":[80],"was":[81],"0,":[82],"30,":[83],"60,":[84],"90\u00b0.":[86],"The":[87],"analysis":[88],"measured":[91,102],"data":[92],"shows":[93],"that":[94],"theoretical":[96],"fits":[98],"well":[99],"with":[100,105],"results.":[103],"Compared":[104],"existing":[107],"single-base":[108],"schemes,":[111],"scheme":[114],"can":[115],"detect":[116],"respiratory":[118],"rates":[119],"different":[121],"orientations.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
