{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982393312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","title":"The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers","display_name":"The Influence of Air Pressure on the Dynamics of Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982393312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","mag":"2982393312","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31671522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022586147","display_name":"Andrew Feeney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Feeney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7170-1830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034162672","display_name":"Lei Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2485-8039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006298642","display_name":"William E. Somerset","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-7449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E. Somerset","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078123747","display_name":"Steve Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-961X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steve Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078123747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.0983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7469979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4710","last_page":"4710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.79097580909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.7066973447799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.6827476620674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.6730861067771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"Flexural strength","score":0.6675740480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.540620744228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bar","display_name":"Bar (unit)","score":0.5379733443260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceramic","display_name":"Ceramic","score":0.47944512963294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-sensor","display_name":"Pressure sensor","score":0.4699699282646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmut","display_name":"PMUT","score":0.42489778995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28277355432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2606920599937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.18600136041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08313697576522827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.79097580909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.7066973447799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.6827476620674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6730861067771912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.6675740480422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.540620744228363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5379733443260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.47944512963294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41325743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261040","display_name":"Pressure sensor","level":2,"score":0.4699699282646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57693265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105295","display_name":"PMUT","level":3,"score":0.42489778995513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28277355432510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2606920599937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18600136041641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08313697576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31671522","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31671522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:215495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dc3047767b24ce6adde6fbecc3b6b9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dc3047767b24ce6adde6fbecc3b6b9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 21, p 4710 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5875630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6864558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/21/4710/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214710","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214710","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4710/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G634694983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N025393/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7421554032","display_name":"High Frequency Flexural Ultrasonic Transducers (HiFFUT) - a new class of transducer","funder_award_id":"EP/N025393/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982393312.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517298149","https://openalex.org/W1592364169","https://openalex.org/W1825942968","https://openalex.org/W1990237408","https://openalex.org/W2012275101","https://openalex.org/W2012779095","https://openalex.org/W2044199347","https://openalex.org/W2082116217","https://openalex.org/W2085847120","https://openalex.org/W2172272698","https://openalex.org/W2566010097","https://openalex.org/W2618781026","https://openalex.org/W2779357115","https://openalex.org/W2782551433","https://openalex.org/W2792310020","https://openalex.org/W2799487495","https://openalex.org/W2821525199","https://openalex.org/W2907461861","https://openalex.org/W2941206098","https://openalex.org/W2952469025","https://openalex.org/W4240376745","https://openalex.org/W4302398964","https://openalex.org/W6632795555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912807936","https://openalex.org/W2383309909","https://openalex.org/W2102304199","https://openalex.org/W2379368550","https://openalex.org/W2352652589","https://openalex.org/W138921638","https://openalex.org/W2314521183","https://openalex.org/W2083007816","https://openalex.org/W3156424550","https://openalex.org/W4245694902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,29,133],"flexural":[1,21,55,102,154],"ultrasonic":[2,56,103,155],"transducer":[3,30,57,123,156],"comprises":[4],"a":[5,11],"piezoelectric":[6,17],"ceramic":[7,18],"disc":[8,19],"bonded":[9],"to":[10,96,119,121],"membrane.":[12],"vibrations":[14],"of":[15,71,101,138,142,153],"the":[16,24,54,68,72,98,122,136,140,143,150],"induce":[20],"modes":[22],"in":[23,58,64,105,117,182],"membrane,":[25],"producing":[26],"ultrasound":[27,92,170,183],"waves.":[28],"is":[31,48,166,173],"principally":[32],"utilized":[33],"for":[34,40,53,125,168,186],"proximity":[35],"or":[36,63,74],"flow":[37],"measurement,":[38],"designed":[39],"operation":[41],"at":[42,107,128,189],"atmospheric":[43],"pressure":[44,69,131],"conditions.":[45],"However,":[46],"there":[47],"rapidly":[49],"growing":[50],"industrial":[51],"demand":[52],"applications":[59],"including":[60,86],"water":[61],"metering":[62],"petrochemical":[65],"plants":[66],"where":[67],"levels":[70],"gas":[73],"liquid":[75],"environment":[76,145],"can":[77,157],"approach":[78],"100":[79,111,161],"bar.":[80,112],"In":[81],"this":[82,176],"study,":[83],"characterization":[84],"methods":[85],"electrical":[87],"impedance":[88],"analysis":[89],"and":[90,146],"pitch-catch":[91],"measurement":[93,144,184],"are":[94,115],"employed":[95],"demonstrate":[97],"dynamic":[99,164],"performance":[100,165],"transducers":[104],"air":[106,130],"elevated":[108,190],"pressures":[109],"approaching":[110],"Measurement":[113],"principles":[114],"discussed,":[116],"addition":[118],"modifications":[120],"design":[124,152],"ensuring":[126],"resilience":[127],"increasing":[129],"levels.":[132],"results":[134],"highlight":[135],"importance":[137],"controlling":[139],"parameters":[141],"show":[147],"that":[148,175],"although":[149],"conventional":[151],"exhibit":[158],"functionality":[159],"towards":[160],"bar,":[162],"its":[163],"unsuitable":[167],"accurate":[169],"measurement.":[171],"It":[172],"anticipated":[174],"research":[177],"will":[178],"initiate":[179],"new":[180],"developments":[181],"systems":[185],"fluid":[187],"environments":[188],"pressures.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
