{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981714704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","title":"Absolute Depth Measurement Using Multiphase Normalized Cross-Correlation for Precise Optical Profilometry","display_name":"Absolute Depth Measurement Using Multiphase Normalized Cross-Correlation for Precise Optical Profilometry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981714704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","mag":"2981714704","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31661897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4683/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044236689","display_name":"Duc-Hieu Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duc-Hieu Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-128X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057193783","display_name":"Chin\u2010Sheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-1344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Sheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-1344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008794345","display_name":"Liang-Chia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-9936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang-Chia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan","Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9613-9936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, No. 1, Section 3, National Taipei University of Technology, Zhong-Xiao E. Rd, Da\u2019an District, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008794345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597","https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.1137,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49042485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4683","last_page":"4683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-phase","display_name":"Absolute phase","score":0.8400745391845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.7049805521965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profilometer","display_name":"Profilometer","score":0.6985684633255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6358515620231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6124361753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.6006786823272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accuracy-and-precision","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","score":0.5711395144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-correlation","display_name":"Cross-correlation","score":0.5524277091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.550402045249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.5393050312995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5153971910476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5137192010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4685054123401642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45986413955688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.4429882764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-absolute-deviations","display_name":"Least absolute deviations","score":0.41582566499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37430858612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.34683746099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3128870725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27586543560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19623151421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17299151420593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15003392100334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1360790729522705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776521118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4669823","display_name":"Absolute phase","level":3,"score":0.8400745391845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.7049805521965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79261456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q443756","display_name":"Profilometer","level":3,"score":0.6985684633255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6358515620231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6124361753463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.6006786823272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202799725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272035","display_name":"Accuracy and precision","level":2,"score":0.5711395144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.5524277091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.550402045249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.5393050312995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5153971910476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5137192010879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4685054123401642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45986413955688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.4429882764816284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31441030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4291882","display_name":"Least absolute deviations","level":3,"score":0.41582566499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37430858612060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.34683746099472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3128870725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27586543560028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19623151421546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17299151420593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15003392100334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1360790729522705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31661897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31661897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b708fb2f69614a4892e386de2aa973db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b708fb2f69614a4892e386de2aa973db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 21, p 4683 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5875646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6864614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/21/4683/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4683/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3799369669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"107-2218-E-002-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4162621379","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4202958531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 107-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981714704.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981714704.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994894989","https://openalex.org/W2004376572","https://openalex.org/W2005113098","https://openalex.org/W2008239695","https://openalex.org/W2010063424","https://openalex.org/W2015581663","https://openalex.org/W2017522102","https://openalex.org/W2031151076","https://openalex.org/W2041251998","https://openalex.org/W2041566233","https://openalex.org/W2067904961","https://openalex.org/W2069779651","https://openalex.org/W2089109854","https://openalex.org/W2091764829","https://openalex.org/W2097880538","https://openalex.org/W2101696153","https://openalex.org/W2110026512","https://openalex.org/W2119521502","https://openalex.org/W2130952765","https://openalex.org/W2137597078","https://openalex.org/W2145229137","https://openalex.org/W2152403125","https://openalex.org/W2156323486","https://openalex.org/W2158755508","https://openalex.org/W2160506967","https://openalex.org/W2167536595","https://openalex.org/W2345939069","https://openalex.org/W2464405873","https://openalex.org/W2465621442","https://openalex.org/W2765987265","https://openalex.org/W2786649352","https://openalex.org/W2789421388","https://openalex.org/W2804826307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W581462317","https://openalex.org/W2318290115","https://openalex.org/W2204095332","https://openalex.org/W2360061061","https://openalex.org/W2582763622","https://openalex.org/W2979163789","https://openalex.org/W2981714704","https://openalex.org/W818673892","https://openalex.org/W2165397403","https://openalex.org/W4386781556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,23,73,128],"multifrequency":[2],"phase-shifting":[3],"(MFPS)":[4],"algorithm,":[5],"the":[6,13,19,40,58,81,91,100,108,115,163,181,186,193],"temporal":[7],"phase":[8,15,47,61,195],"unwrapping":[9],"algorithm":[10,78,93,188],"can":[11,94],"extend":[12],"unambiguous":[14],"range":[16,21],"by":[17],"transforming":[18],"measurement":[20,51,77,84,110,142,155,160,200],"from":[22,87,170],"short":[24],"fringe":[25,117],"pitch":[26,31],"into":[27],"an":[28,152,171],"extended":[29],"synthetic":[30],"of":[32,42,83,127,156,162,174,180,191],"two":[33],"different":[34],"frequencies.":[35],"However,":[36],"this":[37],"undesirably":[38],"amplifies":[39],"uncertainty":[41],"measurement,":[43],"with":[44,151],"each":[45],"single-frequency":[46],"map":[48,196],"retaining":[49],"its":[50],"uncertainty,":[52],"which":[53],"is":[54],"carried":[55],"over":[56],"to":[57,79,178],"final":[59],"unwrapped":[60],"maps":[62],"in":[63,99,197],"fringe-order":[64,97],"calculations.":[65],"This":[66],"article":[67],"analyzes":[68],"possible":[69],"causes":[70],"and":[71],"proposes":[72],"new":[74],"absolute":[75,153,164,194],"depth":[76,165],"minimize":[80,95],"propagation":[82],"uncertainty.":[85],"Developed":[86],"normalized":[88],"cross-correlation":[89],"(NCC),":[90],"proposed":[92,109,187],"wrong":[96,116],"calculations":[98],"MFPS":[101],"algorithm.":[102],"The":[103,138,159],"experimental":[104],"results":[105],"demonstrated":[106],"that":[107],"method":[111],"could":[112,131,166],"effectively":[113],"calibrate":[114],"order.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"some":[120],"extremely":[121],"low":[122],"signal-to-noise":[123],"ratio":[124],"(SNR)":[125],"regions":[126],"captured":[129],"image":[130],"be":[132,167],"correctly":[133],"reconstructed":[134],"(for":[135],"surface":[136],"profiles).":[137],"present":[139],"findings":[140],"confirmed":[141],"precision":[143],"at":[144],"one":[145],"standard":[146],"deviation":[147],"below":[148],"5.4":[149],"\u00b5m,":[150],"distance":[154,204],"16":[157],"mm.":[158],"accuracy":[161],"significantly":[168],"improved":[169],"unacceptable":[172],"level":[173],"measured":[175],"errors":[176],"down":[177],"0.5%":[179],"overall":[182],"measuring":[183],"range.":[184],"Additionally,":[185],"was":[189],"capable":[190],"extracting":[192],"other":[198],"optical":[199],"applications,":[201],"such":[202],"as":[203],"measurements":[205],"using":[206],"interferometry.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}