{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982222442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","title":"Detecting and Monitoring Hate Speech in Twitter","display_name":"Detecting and Monitoring Hate Speech in Twitter","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982222442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","mag":"2982222442","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31717760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4654/pdf?version=1572867323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4654/pdf?version=1572867323","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049562771","display_name":"Juan Carlos Pereira-Kohatsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Carlos Pereira-Kohatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering School, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering School, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036664352","display_name":"Lara Quijano-S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lara Quijano-S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering School, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data, Charles III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-2380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering School, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data, Charles III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075992503","display_name":"Federico Liberatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9900-5108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["ES","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Liberatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science & Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data, Charles III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC3M-BS Institute of Financial Big Data, Charles III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014568004","display_name":"Miguel Camacho\u2010Collados","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144162","display_name":"Ministerio del Interior","ror":"https://ror.org/048w8zr56","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144162"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Camacho-Collados","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Area Coordinator, Cabinet of the Secretary of State for Digital Advancement, 28020 Madrid, Spain","State Secretariat for Security, Interior Ministry, 28010 Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Area Coordinator, Cabinet of the Secretary of State for Digital Advancement, 28020 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Secretariat for Security, Interior Ministry, 28010 Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036664352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001","https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":13.9279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":211,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99069154,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4654","last_page":"4654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7072812914848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6726341247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5688429474830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emoji","display_name":"Emoji","score":0.5446282625198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49260789155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.4881759285926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","score":0.43951287865638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4310295581817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4268842935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4017501473426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38598090410232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33594992756843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33056724071502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32670825719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26694172620773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.24122396111488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.15243202447891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12485554814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12375795841217041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7072812914848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6726341247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5688429474830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779247141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049294","display_name":"Emoji","level":3,"score":0.5446282625198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49260789155960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.4881759285926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.43951287865638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4310295581817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4268842935562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4017501473426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38598090410232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33594992756843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33056724071502686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32670825719833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26694172620773315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.24122396111488342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.15243202447891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12485554814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12375795841217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4654/pdf?version=1572867323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31717760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31717760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/690228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/690228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400963","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:127326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::574480b25efe17fadf3c0475e2767074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/30844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5410dfb56e60490aabe16d3ee7df1c2b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5410dfb56e60490aabe16d3ee7df1c2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 21, p 4654 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5875578","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6864473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/21/4654/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214654","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4654/pdf?version=1572867323","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982222442.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85774798","https://openalex.org/W137217113","https://openalex.org/W300869227","https://openalex.org/W658020064","https://openalex.org/W848902177","https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1216451687","https://openalex.org/W1527483126","https://openalex.org/W1530964950","https://openalex.org/W1560851690","https://openalex.org/W1731771962","https://openalex.org/W1853454069","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1966976587","https://openalex.org/W1967470069","https://openalex.org/W1975879668","https://openalex.org/W1976323204","https://openalex.org/W1984298344","https://openalex.org/W1986749155","https://openalex.org/W2000978920","https://openalex.org/W2037789405","https://openalex.org/W2050402194","https://openalex.org/W2056712395","https://openalex.org/W2075915611","https://openalex.org/W2076441291","https://openalex.org/W2086260676","https://openalex.org/W2086401735","https://openalex.org/W2090018148","https://openalex.org/W2099813784","https://openalex.org/W2106095291","https://openalex.org/W2110453538","https://openalex.org/W2117835933","https://openalex.org/W2123227010","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2123906784","https://openalex.org/W2124821580","https://openalex.org/W2125378825","https://openalex.org/W2127209284","https://openalex.org/W2127775997","https://openalex.org/W2134090438","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2147876157","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2171468534","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2251030241","https://openalex.org/W2251645975","https://openalex.org/W2305374124","https://openalex.org/W2323881768","https://openalex.org/W2345166708","https://openalex.org/W2346554894","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2540795244","https://openalex.org/W2563826943","https://openalex.org/W2584429674","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2604821579","https://openalex.org/W2607541615","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2622349515","https://openalex.org/W2741065173","https://openalex.org/W2779217680","https://openalex.org/W2790933810","https://openalex.org/W2791059564","https://openalex.org/W2802787326","https://openalex.org/W2806872289","https://openalex.org/W2807828695","https://openalex.org/W2810732061","https://openalex.org/W2860221540","https://openalex.org/W2884502219","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2888074460","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2949957935","https://openalex.org/W2951737564","https://openalex.org/W2953180101","https://openalex.org/W3099880460","https://openalex.org/W3100140585","https://openalex.org/W3103061166","https://openalex.org/W3152231500","https://openalex.org/W4233635718","https://openalex.org/W4233906183","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W6621906925","https://openalex.org/W6672249025","https://openalex.org/W6691103430","https://openalex.org/W6697883168","https://openalex.org/W6704583091","https://openalex.org/W6751923991","https://openalex.org/W6754527574","https://openalex.org/W6763859671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135230428","https://openalex.org/W2904739811","https://openalex.org/W2152158029","https://openalex.org/W2012540220","https://openalex.org/W2081671587","https://openalex.org/W1151175420","https://openalex.org/W2131711534","https://openalex.org/W2559837139","https://openalex.org/W2541680182","https://openalex.org/W2559040841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0,142],"Media":[1],"are":[2,60,121],"sensors":[3],"in":[4,27,114,141,154,223],"the":[5,14,19,63,76,91,99,109,126,194,204,211,224],"real":[6],"world":[7],"that":[8,33,67,105,130,190],"can":[9,70],"be":[10],"used":[11,89],"to":[12,46],"measure":[13],"pulse":[15],"of":[16,24,98,111,118,157,182,185,214],"societies.":[17],"However,":[18],"massive":[20],"and":[21,56,107,132,173,198,206],"unfiltered":[22],"feed":[23],"messages":[25,41,69],"posted":[26],"social":[28,36,135],"media":[29],"is":[30],"a":[31,47,147,183,186],"phenomenon":[32],"nowadays":[34],"raises":[35],"alarms,":[37],"especially":[38],"when":[39],"these":[40,68],"contain":[42],"hate":[43,112,139,152],"speech":[44,113,140,153],"targeted":[45],"specific":[48],"individual":[49],"or":[50,74],"group.":[51],"In":[52,78],"this":[53,79,119],"context,":[54],"governments":[55],"non-governmental":[57],"organizations":[58],"(NGOs)":[59],"concerned":[61],"about":[62],"possible":[64],"negative":[65],"impact":[66],"have":[71],"on":[72,75,151,168,216],"individuals":[73],"society.":[77],"paper,":[80],"we":[81],"present":[82],"HaterNet,":[83],"an":[84,208],"intelligent":[85,128],"system":[86,129],"currently":[87],"being":[88],"by":[90,203],"Spanish":[92,100,155],"National":[93],"Office":[94],"Against":[95],"Hate":[96],"Crimes":[97],"State":[101],"Secretariat":[102],"for":[103],"Security":[104],"identifies":[106],"monitors":[108,131],"evolution":[110],"Twitter.":[115],"The":[116,178],"contributions":[117],"research":[120],"many-fold:":[122],"(1)":[123],"It":[124,145,162],"introduces":[125,146],"first":[127],"visualizes,":[133],"using":[134],"network":[136,189],"analysis":[137],"techniques,":[138],"Media.":[143],"(2)":[144],"novel":[148],"public":[149],"dataset":[150],"consisting":[156],"6000":[158],"expert-labeled":[159],"tweets.":[160],"(3)":[161],"compares":[163],"several":[164],"classification":[165,175],"approaches":[166],"based":[167],"different":[169],"document":[170],"representation":[171],"strategies":[172],"text":[174],"models.":[176],"(4)":[177],"best":[179],"approach":[180],"consists":[181],"combination":[184],"LTSM+MLP":[187],"neural":[188],"takes":[191],"as":[192],"input":[193],"tweet\u2019s":[195],"word,":[196],"emoji,":[197],"expression":[199],"tokens\u2019":[200],"embeddings":[201],"enriched":[202],"tf-idf,":[205],"obtains":[207],"area":[209],"under":[210],"curve":[212],"(AUC)":[213],"0.828":[215],"our":[217],"dataset,":[218],"outperforming":[219],"previous":[220],"methods":[221],"presented":[222],"literature.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}