{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981429112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","title":"Low-Cost Sensors State Estimation Algorithm for a Small Hand-Launched Solar-Powered UAV","display_name":"Low-Cost Sensors State Estimation Algorithm for a Small Hand-Launched Solar-Powered UAV","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981429112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","mag":"2981429112","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31653040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4627/pdf?version=1572513421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4627/pdf?version=1572513421","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000854320","display_name":"An Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-0116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359923","display_name":"Zhou Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5645-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020364","display_name":"Xiaoping Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-5751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on UAV Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Science and Technology on UAV Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on UAV Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on UAV Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102802538","display_name":"Fan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0804-4238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100359923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":15.6447,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98385458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"21","first_page":"4627","last_page":"4627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5142647624015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5111764073371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5000669956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.49890661239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49697306752204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3662908375263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15869033336639404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5142647624015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5111764073371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5000669956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.49890661239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49697306752204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3662908375263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15869033336639404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4627/pdf?version=1572513421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31653040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31653040","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd99bd43c11f43cca8ec68da398176c0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd99bd43c11f43cca8ec68da398176c0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 21, p 4627 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5875585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6864480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/21/4627/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19214627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214627","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4627/pdf?version=1572513421","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981429112.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981429112.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W807501760","https://openalex.org/W1969792502","https://openalex.org/W1984293943","https://openalex.org/W2036837032","https://openalex.org/W2091378785","https://openalex.org/W2091415402","https://openalex.org/W2152170201","https://openalex.org/W2159456118","https://openalex.org/W2180144887","https://openalex.org/W2322708688","https://openalex.org/W2354891245","https://openalex.org/W2588455875","https://openalex.org/W2614841667","https://openalex.org/W2741091330","https://openalex.org/W2771162534","https://openalex.org/W2789880387","https://openalex.org/W2796332174","https://openalex.org/W2888819759","https://openalex.org/W2910253560","https://openalex.org/W2911939940","https://openalex.org/W2935317568","https://openalex.org/W2953153328","https://openalex.org/W3156330606","https://openalex.org/W6746328306","https://openalex.org/W6991376965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2389555968","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2352634297","https://openalex.org/W80107739","https://openalex.org/W2020144404","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,60,122,140],"reduce":[3],"the":[4,7,12,27,56,62,116,123,150,157,162,165],"cost":[5],"of":[6,15,80,95,115,164,175],"flight":[8],"controller":[9],"and":[10,41,67,70,83,109,136,168],"improve":[11],"control":[13,90],"accuracy":[14,79,174],"solar-powered":[16,49],"unmanned":[17],"aerial":[18],"vehicle":[19],"(UAV),":[20],"three":[21],"state":[22,43,131],"estimation":[23,44,65,74,166,173],"algorithms":[24],"based":[25],"on":[26],"extended":[28],"Kalman":[29],"filter":[30],"(EKF)":[31],"with":[32,58,107,149],"different":[33],"structures":[34],"are":[35],"proposed:":[36],"Three-stage":[37],"series,":[38],"full-state":[39,96,117],"direct":[40,97],"indirect":[42,118],"algorithms.":[45],"A":[46,143],"small":[47],"hand-launched":[48,146],"UAV":[50,147],"without":[51],"ailerons":[52],"is":[53,84,99,103,120,127],"used":[54,155],"as":[55],"object":[57],"which":[59,102],"compare":[61],"algorithm":[63,75,98,153,167],"structure,":[64],"accuracy,":[66],"platform":[68],"requirements":[69],"application.":[71],"The":[72,93,113],"three-stage":[73,151],"has":[76],"a":[77,171],"position":[78,172],"6":[81],"m":[82],"suitable":[85,104],"for":[86,105,130,156],"low-cost":[87,108],"small,":[88],"low":[89],"precision":[91,94,114],"UAVs.":[92],"3.4":[100],"m,":[101],"platforms":[106],"high-trajectory":[110],"tracking":[111],"accuracy.":[112],"method":[119],"similar":[121],"direct,":[124],"but":[125],"it":[126,169],"more":[128],"stable":[129],"switching,":[132],"overall":[133],"parameters":[134],"estimation,":[135],"can":[137],"be":[138],"applied":[139],"large":[141],"platforms.":[142],"full-scaled":[144],"electric":[145],"loaded":[148],"series":[152],"was":[154],"field":[158],"test.":[159],"Results":[160],"verified":[161],"feasibility":[163],"obtained":[170],"23":[176],"m.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}