{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979911816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","title":"A Localization and Tracking Approach in NLOS Environment Based on Distance and Angle Probability Model","display_name":"A Localization and Tracking Approach in NLOS Environment Based on Distance and Angle Probability Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979911816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","mag":"2979911816","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4438/pdf?version=1571035409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4438/pdf?version=1571035409","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030015797","display_name":"Xin Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7324-2276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047504352","display_name":"Guoliang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2928-4142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guoliang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420053","display_name":"Jianhua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-3610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079203369","display_name":"Dianchen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148128674","display_name":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay9v204","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianchen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047504352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148128674"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.7264,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72418421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"20","first_page":"4438","last_page":"4438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9630802273750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.617390513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6127822399139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5769765973091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5478708744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5436884164810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.5340648293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48676204681396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.4231574833393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26589536666870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21369221806526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18288367986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11290758848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07360607385635376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9630802273750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.617390513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6127822399139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5769765973091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5478708744049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5436884164810181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.5340648293495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48676204681396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.4231574833393097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26589536666870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21369221806526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18288367986679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11290758848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07360607385635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4438/pdf?version=1571035409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31614979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ee67034f00e479098171752bf57cedd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ee67034f00e479098171752bf57cedd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 20, p 4438 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5830845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6833029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/20/4438/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204438","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4438/pdf?version=1571035409","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4710209706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336023","display_name":"Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979911816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979911816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506962630","https://openalex.org/W1547435425","https://openalex.org/W1976867558","https://openalex.org/W1985799878","https://openalex.org/W2030866672","https://openalex.org/W2063193458","https://openalex.org/W2075000167","https://openalex.org/W2075403247","https://openalex.org/W2097619736","https://openalex.org/W2104377048","https://openalex.org/W2128820455","https://openalex.org/W2133300248","https://openalex.org/W2134186565","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2171029749","https://openalex.org/W2340384825","https://openalex.org/W2342740524","https://openalex.org/W2481070470","https://openalex.org/W2485850820","https://openalex.org/W2565266389","https://openalex.org/W2596404374","https://openalex.org/W2612349959","https://openalex.org/W2621386686","https://openalex.org/W2624922641","https://openalex.org/W2743883069","https://openalex.org/W2744164485","https://openalex.org/W2745203826","https://openalex.org/W2755187375","https://openalex.org/W2922457951","https://openalex.org/W6644374563","https://openalex.org/W6721741699","https://openalex.org/W6722922568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2510411743","https://openalex.org/W4252024964","https://openalex.org/W1989212443","https://openalex.org/W4253883008","https://openalex.org/W2103644279","https://openalex.org/W1585960250","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W4302986566","https://openalex.org/W2341297234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"optimization":[4],"algorithm":[5,92,109],"is":[6,32,52,76,93],"presented":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9,42],"a":[10,26,71],"distance":[11,27,59],"and":[12,28,100],"angle":[13,29],"probability":[14,30],"model":[15,31],"for":[16],"indoor":[17],"non-line-of-sight":[18],"(NLOS)":[19],"environments.":[20],"By":[21],"utilizing":[22],"the":[23,38,43,46,56,61,68,80,84,87,104,107,111],"sampling":[24],"information,":[25],"proposed":[33,108],"so":[34],"as":[35],"to":[36,54,66,78,95],"identify":[37],"NLOS":[39,62],"propagation.":[40,63],"Based":[41],"established":[44],"model,":[45],"maximum":[47],"likelihood":[48],"estimation":[49],"(MLE)":[50],"method":[51,75],"employed":[53],"reduce":[55,67],"error":[57],"of":[58,83,106,113],"in":[60,110],"order":[65],"computational":[69],"complexity,":[70],"modified":[72],"Monte":[73],"Carlo":[74],"applied":[77],"search":[79],"optimal":[81],"position":[82],"target.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"extended":[88],"Kalman":[89],"filtering":[90],"(EKF)":[91],"introduced":[94],"achieve":[96],"localization.":[97],"The":[98],"simulation":[99],"experimental":[101],"results":[102],"show":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"improvement":[112],"localization":[114],"accuracy.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
