{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979547392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","title":"Bit Error Rate Closed-Form Expressions for LoRa Systems under Nakagami and Rice Fading Channels","display_name":"Bit Error Rate Closed-Form Expressions for LoRa Systems under Nakagami and Rice Fading Channels","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979547392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","mag":"2979547392","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4412/pdf?version=1570851775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4412/pdf?version=1570851775","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018742105","display_name":"Cl\u00e1udio Ferreira Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-3330"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Ferreira Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Hardware Design, Instituto Eldorado, Eldorado, Alan Turing - 275, Campinas 13083-898, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0490-3330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Hardware Design, Instituto Eldorado, Eldorado, Alan Turing - 275, Campinas 13083-898, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051507029","display_name":"Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-9726"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Rodrigues de Lima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Hardware Design, Instituto Eldorado, Eldorado, Alan Turing - 275, Campinas 13083-898, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Hardware Design, Instituto Eldorado, Eldorado, Alan Turing - 275, Campinas 13083-898, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068648984","display_name":"Gustavo Fraidenraich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-1496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181391015","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wffgt70","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Fraidenraich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein - 400, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, University of Campinas, Albert Einstein - 400, Campinas 13083-852, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181391015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018742105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.8742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94131932,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"20","first_page":"4412","last_page":"4412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.8959351181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.876269519329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.8434470891952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5972980260848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5086015462875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading-distribution","display_name":"Fading distribution","score":0.5069034695625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-form-expression","display_name":"Closed-form expression","score":0.49015626311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.459492027759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42358309030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-of-error","display_name":"Probability of error","score":0.4173060357570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4069381654262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3271709978580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30726709961891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.18009033799171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08105668425559998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.8959351181983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.876269519329071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.8434470891952515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5972980260848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5086015462875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161126049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5429266","display_name":"Fading distribution","level":5,"score":0.5069034695625305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4530962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777407","display_name":"Closed-form expression","level":2,"score":0.49015626311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.459492027759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42358309030532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92224547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1673216","display_name":"Probability of error","level":2,"score":0.4173060357570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4069381654262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3271709978580475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30726709961891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.18009033799171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08105668425559998}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4412/pdf?version=1570851775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31614712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31614712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:americanae.aecid.es:2855070","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://americanae.aecid.es/americanae/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=2855070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400786","display_name":"Americanae (AECID Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WOS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f300dc602faf4155a0028befe77a84cb","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f300dc602faf4155a0028befe77a84cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 20, p 4412 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5830364","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6832409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/20/4412/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19204412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204412","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/20/4412/pdf?version=1570851775","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1736165326","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"313239/2017-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G319426197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2866-0366/2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324178","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4505875122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"313239/2017-7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6833004923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"304946/2016-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7021628184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","funder_display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7329241767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"304946/2016-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","funder_display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324178","display_name":"Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica","ror":"https://ror.org/049sgh675"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330107","display_name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Industrial","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979547392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979547392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576718945","https://openalex.org/W1988035518","https://openalex.org/W2054283647","https://openalex.org/W2054838430","https://openalex.org/W2146856610","https://openalex.org/W2152810080","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2464793129","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2540219066","https://openalex.org/W2542099473","https://openalex.org/W2564504513","https://openalex.org/W2766513146","https://openalex.org/W2809209059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768535048","https://openalex.org/W2909249800","https://openalex.org/W1985010625","https://openalex.org/W2165621050","https://openalex.org/W1982079358","https://openalex.org/W2772741852","https://openalex.org/W4295532896","https://openalex.org/W2154562606","https://openalex.org/W2135739570","https://openalex.org/W1597930397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"derive":[1],"exact":[2,37],"closed-form":[3],"expressions":[4,25,53],"for":[5,15],"Long":[6],"Range":[7],"(LoRa)":[8],"bit":[9,50],"error":[10,51],"probability":[11,52],"and":[12,21,46],"diversity":[13],"order":[14],"channels":[16],"subject":[17],"to":[18],"Nakagami-m,":[19],"Rayleigh":[20],"Rician":[22],"fading.":[23],"Analytical":[24],"are":[26],"compared":[27],"with":[28],"numerical":[29],"results,":[30],"showing":[31],"the":[32,40,44,56],"accuracy":[33],"of":[34,43],"our":[35,49],"proposed":[36],"expressions.":[38],"In":[39],"limiting":[41],"case":[42],"Nakagami":[45],"Rice":[47],"parameters,":[48],"specialize":[54],"into":[55],"non-fading":[57],"case.":[58]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2019-10-18T00:00:00"}
