{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979306334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","title":"Design and Fabrication of a High-Frequency Single-Directional Planar Underwater Ultrasound Transducer","display_name":"Design and Fabrication of a High-Frequency Single-Directional Planar Underwater Ultrasound Transducer","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979306334","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","mag":"2979306334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31597269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4336/pdf?version=1570524954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4336/pdf?version=1570524954","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037293330","display_name":"Qiguo Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiguo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020850575","display_name":"Hongwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051749865","display_name":"Shaohua Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100557263","display_name":"Chao Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2045-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100192, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100623568","display_name":"Likun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-537X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Likun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensing Technology Research Center, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensing Technology Research Center, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing 100101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020850575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4105,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82317559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"19","first_page":"4336","last_page":"4336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.7934033870697021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7660250663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.7574581503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.7542170286178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.7525942325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.7206409573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.7001211047172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6541162133216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5425179600715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmut","display_name":"PMUT","score":0.5320086479187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceramic","display_name":"Ceramic","score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.41909876465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.4119088053703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2102586328983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17058974504470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16143691539764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1405588984489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.13523095846176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0668436586856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06086111068725586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.7934033870697021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7660250663757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.7574581503868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.7542170286178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.7525942325592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.7206409573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.7001211047172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6541162133216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5425179600715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57693265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105295","display_name":"PMUT","level":3,"score":0.5320086479187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.41909876465797424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.4119088053703308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2102586328983307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17058974504470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16143691539764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1405588984489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13523095846176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0668436586856842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06086111068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4336/pdf?version=1570524954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31597269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31597269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e94f54fb064b42b88a4ff54420d13e1b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e94f54fb064b42b88a4ff54420d13e1b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 19, p 4336 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/19/4336/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6806090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6806090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194336","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4336/pdf?version=1570524954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1981973963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771060;61471047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","funder_display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2206826066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G674910049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315254","display_name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979306334.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979306334.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617110748","https://openalex.org/W1968670044","https://openalex.org/W1975579241","https://openalex.org/W1983565539","https://openalex.org/W1999009097","https://openalex.org/W2000764478","https://openalex.org/W2028244065","https://openalex.org/W2029397246","https://openalex.org/W2038289159","https://openalex.org/W2040863496","https://openalex.org/W2068430806","https://openalex.org/W2084602220","https://openalex.org/W2088248547","https://openalex.org/W2095477334","https://openalex.org/W2101465974","https://openalex.org/W2112280897","https://openalex.org/W2115044322","https://openalex.org/W2126755525","https://openalex.org/W2130140953","https://openalex.org/W2132251969","https://openalex.org/W2132810248","https://openalex.org/W2161902020","https://openalex.org/W2165789467","https://openalex.org/W2169793894","https://openalex.org/W2285540707","https://openalex.org/W2313577227","https://openalex.org/W2392736838","https://openalex.org/W6679107683","https://openalex.org/W7065888419","https://openalex.org/W7071582293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362420681","https://openalex.org/W2323417499","https://openalex.org/W2389082125","https://openalex.org/W2912807936","https://openalex.org/W2808280042","https://openalex.org/W3198175695","https://openalex.org/W2383309909","https://openalex.org/W2102304199","https://openalex.org/W2352652589","https://openalex.org/W138921638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,16,28,36,52,55,75,82,90,98],"fabrication":[4],"of":[5,18,35,81],"1-3":[6,56,76],"piezoelectric":[7,13,57,77],"composites":[8,58],"by":[9,26,43,71,94],"using":[10,27],"PZT5-A":[11],"pure":[12],"ceramics":[14],"and":[15,41,73,86,107],"preparation":[17],"a":[19,62,102],"high-frequency":[20,63],"single-directional":[21,64],"planar":[22,65],"underwater":[23,66],"ultrasound":[24,67],"transducer":[25,68,83],"developed":[29],"composites.":[30,78],"First,":[31],"three":[32],"material":[33],"models":[34],"same":[37],"size":[38],"were":[39,59],"designed":[40],"simulated":[42],"ANSYS":[44],"finite":[45],"element":[46],"simulation":[47,53],"software.":[48],"Next,":[49],"based":[50],"on":[51],"results,":[54],"developed.":[60],"Finally,":[61],"was":[69,84,92],"fabricated":[70],"encapsulating":[72],"gluing":[74],"The":[79],"performance":[80],"tested,":[85],"results":[87],"showed":[88],"that":[89],"device":[91],"characterized":[93],"single-mode":[95],"operation":[96],"in":[97],"working":[99],"frequency":[100],"band,":[101],"high":[103],"transmitting":[104],"voltage":[105],"response,":[106],"single":[108],"directivity.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-30T09:04:40.226872","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
