{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975222955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","title":"A Sensitive Carbon Dioxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a Fixed Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser","display_name":"A Sensitive Carbon Dioxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a Fixed Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975222955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","mag":"2975222955","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31561611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4187/pdf?version=1569508282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4187/pdf?version=1569508282","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113194653","display_name":"Shunda Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8709-0915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunda Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101017497","display_name":"Yanchen Qu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchen Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081165078","display_name":"Yufei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9788-7984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101048200","display_name":"Ying He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053415194","display_name":"Yao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0470-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029780527","display_name":"Yinqiu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinqiu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738015","display_name":"Xin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3901-1335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332426","display_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6825-0196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076939563","display_name":"Frank K. Tittel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2245-7565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank K. Tittel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081165078"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.735,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82944727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"19","first_page":"4187","last_page":"4187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cascade-laser","display_name":"Quantum cascade laser","score":0.8745269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide-sensor","display_name":"Carbon dioxide sensor","score":0.7164044380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoacoustic-spectroscopy","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","score":0.7108808159828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5870141983032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.5804895162582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5607161521911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-and-integration","display_name":"Time delay and integration","score":0.5538564324378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allan-variance","display_name":"Allan variance","score":0.5431929230690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.521734356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"Detection limit","score":0.482610821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.47181761264801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.441101610660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4278934597969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.42180484533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-dioxide","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","score":0.33904117345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2690923810005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1305713951587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.12027022242546082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776957298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407411","display_name":"Quantum cascade laser","level":3,"score":0.8745269775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113803762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037960","display_name":"Carbon dioxide sensor","level":3,"score":0.7164044380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900415","display_name":"Photoacoustic spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.7108808159828186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5870141983032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.5804895162582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5607161521911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.5538564324378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5722023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440227","display_name":"Allan variance","level":3,"score":0.5431929230690002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.521734356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.482610821723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.47181761264801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.441101610660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4278934597969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.42180484533309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.33904117345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2690923810005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1305713951587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.12027022242546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4187/pdf?version=1569508282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31561611","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31561611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b38f0e090b5a44b3bd1fdfb1d0676bb7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b38f0e090b5a44b3bd1fdfb1d0676bb7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 19, Iss 19, p 4187 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/19/19/4187/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6806155","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6806155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s19194187","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19194187","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/19/4187/pdf?version=1569508282","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G200095771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2019F006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2476221792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Heilongjiang","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3085993365","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3279364797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3383773656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LBH-Q18052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4266429822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61505041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G439105991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LBH-Q18052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5408070833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6424594130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875047 and 61505041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7011803795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LBH-Q18052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7039554463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61505041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7189493982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61875047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7578083173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C-0586","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","funder_display_name":"Welch Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7670924292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2019F006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7817159242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61505041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8067728254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2019F006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306196","display_name":"Welch Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/00np6vq88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975222955.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975222955.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677222838","https://openalex.org/W1858991275","https://openalex.org/W1914536674","https://openalex.org/W1984472767","https://openalex.org/W1985630186","https://openalex.org/W1985720140","https://openalex.org/W1992623540","https://openalex.org/W1995133826","https://openalex.org/W1995986570","https://openalex.org/W2035095056","https://openalex.org/W2050034223","https://openalex.org/W2060805047","https://openalex.org/W2081960265","https://openalex.org/W2095827525","https://openalex.org/W2129121833","https://openalex.org/W2133151341","https://openalex.org/W2149508178","https://openalex.org/W2173001546","https://openalex.org/W2193563604","https://openalex.org/W2466893173","https://openalex.org/W2560779391","https://openalex.org/W2574568020","https://openalex.org/W2596115359","https://openalex.org/W2617419459","https://openalex.org/W2769402075","https://openalex.org/W2774096828","https://openalex.org/W2790621677","https://openalex.org/W2793298712","https://openalex.org/W2889943125","https://openalex.org/W2895178685","https://openalex.org/W2910452198","https://openalex.org/W2942803658","https://openalex.org/W2945535388","https://openalex.org/W2954493477","https://openalex.org/W2963098984","https://openalex.org/W4213168521","https://openalex.org/W4231712371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247067409","https://openalex.org/W1725580113","https://openalex.org/W2054743972","https://openalex.org/W2117984434","https://openalex.org/W1991027011","https://openalex.org/W3210455621","https://openalex.org/W2789938641","https://openalex.org/W2975222955","https://openalex.org/W2896991393","https://openalex.org/W2964652643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"photoacoustic":[1,51],"spectroscopy":[2],"(PAS)":[3],"based":[4,173],"carbon":[5],"dioxide":[6],"(CO<sub>2</sub>)":[7],"sensor":[8,72,111,136,175],"with":[9,61],"a":[10,34,78,89],"fixed":[11],"wavelength":[12,21],"quantum":[13],"cascade":[14],"laser":[15,43],"(FW-QCL)":[16],"was":[17,45,59,86,104,112,130,137],"demonstrated.":[18],"The":[19,54,66,106],"emission":[20,148],"of":[22,41,95,109,116,125,159,169],"the":[23,29,42,49,57,62,71,83,110,128,142,157,165,170],"FW-QCL":[24,172],"at":[25],"4.42":[26],"\u03bcm":[27],"in":[28],"mid-infrared":[30],"spectral":[31],"region":[32],"matched":[33],"fundamental":[35],"CO<sub>2</sub>":[36,102,143],"absorption":[37],"line.":[38],"Amplitude":[39],"modulation":[40],"intensity":[44],"used":[46,139],"to":[47,132,140],"match":[48],"resonant":[50],"(PA)":[52],"cell.":[53],"noise":[55],"from":[56,145],"background":[58],"reduced":[60],"correlation":[63],"demodulation":[64],"technique.":[65],"experimental":[67],"results":[68],"showed":[69],"that":[70],"had":[73],"excellent":[74],"signal":[75],"stability":[76,108,166],"and":[77,156,167],"concentration":[79,144],"linear":[80],"response.":[81],"When":[82],"integration":[84,123],"time":[85,124],"1":[87,133],"s,":[88,127],"1\u03c3":[90],"minimum":[91],"detection":[92,103],"limit":[93],"(MDL)":[94],"2.84":[96],"parts":[97],"per":[98],"million":[99],"(ppm)":[100],"for":[101],"achieved.":[105],"long-term":[107],"evaluated":[113],"by":[114],"means":[115],"an":[117,122],"Allan":[118],"deviation":[119],"analysis.":[120],"With":[121],"~100":[126],"MDL":[129],"improved":[131],"ppm.":[134],"This":[135],"also":[138],"measure":[141],"some":[146,160],"common":[147],"sources,":[149],"such":[150],"as":[151],"cigarette":[152],"smoking,":[153],"automobile":[154],"exhaust,":[155],"combustion":[158],"carbon-containing":[161],"materials,":[162],"which":[163],"confirmed":[164],"robustness":[168],"reported":[171],"CO<sub>2</sub>-PAS":[174],"system.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}